Li Kang, deputy chief physician of the Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, said that about 60.5% of the deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke among adults over 20 years old in China were attributed to the failure to reach several ideal cardiovascular health indicators, namely smoking and drinking, body mass index, physical activity, diet, blood pressure, total cholesterol and fasting blood sugar. If you try to correct it in your daily life, you can completely avoid the disease.
Thrombosis "Ghost" Wandering in the Body
Liu Changwei, director of vascular surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, said that thrombosis is no stranger to everyone. Thrombosis is a "blood clot" in blood vessels, which blocks the passage of blood vessels in various parts of the body like a plug, resulting in no blood supply to related organs, resulting in sudden disability or death.
Coagulation system and fibrinolysis system exist in human blood. Under normal circumstances, the two maintain a dynamic balance to ensure the normal flow of blood in blood vessels and will not form thrombosis. Under special circumstances, such as hardening, stenosis and injury of blood vessels, excessive sweating, low blood pressure and lack of drinking water, the blood flow will be slow, the blood will be concentrated and viscous, and the coagulation function will be hyperactive or the fibrinolytic function will be weakened, which will break this balance and make people in a "state of easy embolism".
Liu Changwei pointed out that the deep vein of the lower extremity is a place where thrombosis is more likely to occur. Although the consequences of vein blockage caused by thrombus are serious, what is even more terrible is that the thrombus falls off, which is a deadly bomb. Once the deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs falls off, it will follow the blood circulation route: inferior vena cava — Right atrium — Right ventricle — Pulmonary artery, and finally cause pulmonary embolism. If the lung loses the function of blood gas exchange, it will cause acute hypoxia and even acute cardiopulmonary failure. If it is not corrected and intervened in time in the acute stage, it will even be fatal.
There are deep veins in human body, and deep veins bear more than 90% of venous blood reflux. Once deep venous thrombosis occurs, the most direct consequence is that the blood reflux is seriously hindered, and the limbs are swollen and painful. In severe cases, the limbs are necrotic and need amputation. However, many people don’t know enough about deep vein thrombosis and embolism, and they don’t have enough awareness of prevention. When there is typical edema of lower limbs, it will not only bring difficulties to treatment, but also easily leave sequelae. At this time, the patient will suddenly have swelling, pain and increased tension of soft tissue in the affected limb, which is often aggravated after the activity, but it can be relieved by raising the affected limb. However, if the blocked part is located in the "main traffic road", and the treatment is not timely, it will cause serious symptoms and even threaten life.
Another serious hazard of deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs is post-thrombotic syndrome. Once deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs is formed, it is difficult to be effectively removed without standardized treatment. These thrombosis will not only hinder blood return, but also cause repeated swelling of limbs, leading to black skin ulceration, varicose veins of lower limbs, and even old rotten legs. Deep vein thrombosis is like a deep-water bomb lurking in blood vessels. At first, it may have no obvious clinical symptoms or be ignored because of mild symptoms, but once it is detonated, the consequences are unimaginable.
How to judge whether you are at risk?
Thrombosis in the legs and lungs can occur in people of any age. Some people don’t have some warning signs or symptoms. Therefore, it is very important for everyone to know which risk factors, signs, specific events or conditions can cause or trigger the formation of thrombosis.
Long-term hospitalization will lead to leg thrombosis in more than 2/3 patients. This is the leading cause of preventable hospital deaths.
Surgery, especially hip or knee surgery and cancer surgery, will bring greater risks to patients.
Don’t exercise for a long time: for example, not standing up or walking around when you need to stay in bed or travel for a long time will also increase your risk.
Other uncontrollable risk factors include:
Pregnant women: If pregnant women are obese or hyperlipidemia, it will make the blood sticky; If there are varicose veins and pregnancy, the risk of venous thrombosis will be higher. You can’t take medicine casually during pregnancy. At this time, wearing elastic socks (varicose socks) is a very good way to prevent edema of lower limbs.
Old age: The risk of an 80-year-old person is five to six times that of a 40-year-old person.
Family history: family members have had thrombosis, which will increase the risk of venous thrombosis.
Obesity: the risk of venous thromboembolism in obese people is 2 to 3 times that of non-obese people.
Change seven habits to prevent 60% vascular disease
Quit smoking. When smoking, nicotine and other harmful substances in tobacco will stimulate the vascular movement center and stimulate the release of adrenaline and norepinephrine in the body, causing the heart rate to increase, peripheral blood vessels to contract and blood pressure to rise. Therefore, we should try our best not to smoke and stay away from second-hand smoke.
Weight control. Daily diet, to ensure a reasonable mix of carbohydrates, protein and fat, can meet the needs of the body, and try not to exceed the upper limit of calories. At the same time, we should eat less fried food, convenience food and fast food with high calorie.
Exercise regularly. Exercise can improve blood circulation, obviously reduce blood lipid, blood pressure and weight, and also relieve stress and enjoy body and mind. It is suggested that the exercise time and intensity should be determined according to their age, gender and physical strength. Generally, you can do more aerobic exercises such as jogging, brisk walking, swimming and cycling for 30 minutes at a time, at least 5 times a week, and the heart rate and age after exercise should be no more than 170. The best exercise state is that the body sweats slightly, does not feel tired, and feels relaxed after exercise.
Eat reasonably. A greasy diet will lead to an increase in blood lipids, and excessive blood lipids attached to blood vessels will cause atherosclerosis, which in turn will lead to thrombosis. It is suggested that the daily diet should reduce the intake of salt, sugar, saturated fat and trans fat, and eat more low-calorie foods rich in minerals, vitamins, cellulose and other nutrients, such as vegetables, fruits, coarse grains, lean meat, fish or low-fat dairy products.
Control blood pressure. When blood pressure is high, the impact of blood flow on blood vessels increases, which damages the endothelial function of arteries and is easy to cause arteriosclerosis. Many people naturally have dilated arteries or aneurysms. Once the blood pressure suddenly rises and the aneurysm ruptures, it will cause cerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, blood pressure should be controlled below 140/90 mm Hg. It is suggested that everyone eat less salt at ordinary times, control it within 6 grams per person per day, use more cooking methods such as cooking, and use less seasonings such as soy sauce and monosodium glutamate. Children and adolescents should also pay attention to blood pressure monitoring and prevention.
Control blood lipid. When the bad cholesterol in the blood increases, it is easy to deposit on the blood vessel wall and form plaques, and even block blood vessels and form thrombosis, leading to acute myocardial infarction or cerebral infarction. It is suggested that the diet should be based on the principle of less oil, and eat less animal viscera, animal fat and sweets, especially foods containing trans fatty acids, such as cream and butter.
Reduce blood sugar. Under the action of long-term hyperglycemia, arterial endothelial cells are easy to be damaged, and the permeability of vascular wall will become worse, and lipids are easy to deposit on vascular endothelium, which will lead to vascular stenosis and cause coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction and other diseases. It is suggested to eat more foods rich in dietary fiber, such as carrots, celery, oats, oranges, etc., which can delay the absorption of sugar in the intestine.
Three ways to stay away from thrombosis
Can move early, not late. Wang Chen, chairman of the Respiratory Branch of Chinese Medical Association and academician of China Academy of Engineering, said that there are many cases of pulmonary embolism caused by elderly people playing mahjong all night and young people playing computer for a long time, and when they feel numb in their legs, they may have thrombosis. He suggested starting exercise as soon as possible before thrombosis.
Can take the initiative and not be passive. When taking a long-distance plane, most people will choose economy class. Because of the narrow space and limited leg activity area, deep vein thrombosis may occur. This situation is called "economy class syndrome". Even in business class and first class, if you don’t take the initiative, venous thrombosis may occur. Wang Chen suggested that you always stretch your toes and hook your toes when flying, stretch your legs and muscles, and drink plenty of water at the same time to increase urination while diluting your blood.
Can move a lot. Li Xiaoying, chairman of the Geriatrics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and professor of geriatrics at the PLA General Hospital, said that some patients are afraid of wound pain and oozing blood, so they don’t move or move less, which will increase the risk of venous thrombosis. Old people who are usually weak and have low back and leg pain usually have little activity, and they are even more reluctant to exercise once they are sick. Doctors should mobilize patients to exercise and instruct them to prevent falls. Patients who really can’t move on their own can receive massage according to the doctor’s advice first, and exercise properly in bed after their physical condition allows.
Li Xiaoying reminded that massage is not recommended for patients with thrombus, otherwise it may aggravate the condition.
Drinking water at five moments to prevent thrombosis
After getting up. Morning is the time when physiological blood pressure rises, platelet activity increases, and after a night’s sleep, urination, skin evaporation and mouth and nose breathing make a lot of water lose and blood viscosity increase. Xia Pengbin, a nutritionist in the Clinical Nutrition Department of Zhongda Hospital affiliated to Southeast University, said that drinking water after getting up can help reduce blood viscosity, thus reducing the risk of thrombosis. Generally speaking, milk, fruit juice, ice water and salt water are not suitable for drinking as the first glass of water in the morning, and warm boiled water is the best choice.
Before and after morning exercise. Many people are used to drinking water after morning exercise. Xia Pengbin reminded that a small amount of water should be drunk before morning exercise, which can reduce the risk of dehydration and blood viscosity caused by exercise, thus helping to prevent thrombosis. When the temperature is high, the speed of water shortage will also accelerate, and many people are used to drinking water in big gulps. However, you should not drink water too fast in summer, and you should drink a small amount of water many times, usually 150 ml to 200 ml. If you drink water too fast, water will quickly enter the blood and be absorbed in the intestine, which will dilute the blood, increase the blood volume and make the heart bad. Especially people with coronary heart disease will have chest tightness, shortness of breath and other symptoms, which may seriously lead to myocardial infarction.
Half an hour after dinner. Don’t drink water immediately after meals, otherwise it will dilute saliva and gastric juice, weaken the activity of protease and affect digestion and absorption. It is recommended to drink water for half an hour after meals, about 200 ml, which is helpful to alleviate the increase of blood viscosity after meals. But drink it in small sips, or frequent and large amounts of water will easily burn your heart. People who are prone to heartburn should drink 3-4 sips every 20-30 minutes 2-3 hours after meals.
Before work. Office workers often neglect drinking water because of their busy eight-hour work, which provides an opportunity for the invasion of blood clots. It is suggested that these people develop the habit of drinking a few mouthfuls of water before work. One paper cup is enough, and don’t drink too much, otherwise it is easy to "urinate urgently" on the way to work.
Before going to bed. You should take two sips of water before going to bed. Because when people are asleep, the water in the body will be lost, resulting in a decrease in water in the blood and a higher blood viscosity. Drinking some water properly before going to bed can alleviate this phenomenon, thus reducing the risk of cerebral thrombosis. In addition, it is best for the elderly to keep a glass of water at the bedside before going to bed, and drink a few mouthfuls immediately when they feel thirsty.
Four early signs of thrombosis in the elderly
With the increase of age, the vascular elasticity of the elderly is getting worse and worse. Thrombosis is easy to form when vascular endothelium is damaged, blood flow velocity slows down and blood viscosity increases. Thrombosis, popularly speaking, is a "blood clot", which, like a plug, blocks the vascular channels in all parts of the body, forming myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, lower extremity arterial swelling, pulmonary embolism, etc., and seriously endangering the lives of the elderly. Thrombosis is harmful, but there are some obvious early signs.
1. Drooling while sleeping. Many old people drool when they sleep, most of which is normal. However, if it is found that the saliva of the elderly often flows in one direction, it is necessary to be vigilant and may have cerebral thrombosis. Because thrombosis can cause some muscle dysfunction in the throat, and when the human body loses its active control over the muscles in sleep, saliva will flow down. If the elderly often drool when sleeping, they should go to the hospital for examination as soon as possible, even if there are no symptoms such as skewed mouth and lax eye closure.
2. Dizziness after getting up early. Before the onset of cerebral thrombosis, 70% patients will have dizziness symptoms, which usually occur after getting up in the morning. If the elderly have more dizziness within 3 days, or often have dizziness after hard work, it is necessary to consider whether it is caused by thrombosis. Especially for the elderly with hypertension, we should pay more attention to it. If dizziness occurs more than 5 times a day, you should go to the hospital for examination in time.
3. numbness and swelling of hands and feet. If the elderly feel numbness and swelling in their legs for a long time, it may be caused by blood clots flowing into the arteries. When embolism is formed, this part of the muscle will be ischemic, the skin will become pale, the body temperature will drop, and even the artery on the back of the foot will not be touched. After a long time, the legs are prone to swelling and severe pain. Therefore, for sudden numbness of hands and feet, we must be highly alert to cerebrovascular diseases. If it is delayed, it may not only miss the best treatment opportunity, but also leave sequelae.
4. Chest tightness and pain. Many elderly people do not exercise or stay in bed for a long time, which is prone to chest tightness and chest pain. Because in the early stage of thrombosis, clots are very easy to appear in blood vessels. If they fall and flow into the lungs with blood, patients will feel chest tightness and pain. Once pulmonary embolism is formed, it is very similar to the symptoms of a heart attack. With the pain of breathing, the pain will gradually increase, and it is usually stinging or sharp pain. Therefore, there is pain and chest tightness in the chest, which needs to be vigilant.
Eating more seaweed and beans, especially broccoli, auricularia and other foods rich in soluble fiber, is helpful to lower cholesterol, prevent vascular injury, delay atherosclerosis and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. In addition, we should pay attention to cold and warmth, quit smoking and drinking, develop good living habits, and adjust our mood to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Cerebral thrombosis has omen.
1. The mouth and eyes are askew or drooling. For example, one side of the face is weak or numb, when you smile, you find your mouth crooked, or when you brush your teeth, your mouth can’t hold water, or even drool.
2. Unilateral limb weakness, that is, "hemiplegia", can be divided into upper limb weakness and lower limb weakness. The performance of upper limb weakness is that when shaving with a knife, I suddenly feel that my arm is weak and the razor falls to the ground; Can’t use chopsticks to clip vegetables smoothly; Can’t button up, get dressed, etc. Weakness of lower limbs can be manifested as leaning to one side, "wandering" and even "dragging legs" when walking; Unstable walking and abnormal gait; Unconsciously falling down repeatedly when walking, especially when turning your head and looking up. The above situation should pay attention to the possibility of further developing into cerebral thrombosis.
3. I can’t speak neatly. Speak hard, "Lickitung" or don’t understand others.
4. blurred vision. Because the artery supplying blood to the eyes is blocked, or the brain center responsible for analyzing vision is damaged, the patient may suddenly lose sight of one eye.
5. Sudden dizziness. This is a very common signal of cerebral thrombosis, which is manifested as dizziness, feeling stuffy in the head, and even feeling dizzy, unstable and uncontrollable. In severe cases, it may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting and sweating. This is because there is an abnormality in the part of the brain responsible for coordinating body balance.
6. numbness in the limbs. Especially the numbness of the unilateral body is often a warning of cerebral thrombosis. Because the brain is not only responsible for the movement of limbs, but also for all senses, abnormal sensation is often a sign of cerebral thrombosis.
7. Love to be sleepy, sleepy or yawning. For example, watching favorite TV programs can make you fall asleep, lose concentration, yawn constantly, etc., suggesting that the blood supply to the brain is not enough to stay awake, which may be that the artery is narrow or even occluded.
8. Headache. Unexplained headaches, or changes in the nature of the original headaches, are mostly manifested as persistent pain, which may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting in severe cases.
9. Cough and dysphagia. When eating or drinking water, you may choke and even swallow hard, which may be accompanied by unclear speech and hoarseness, suggesting that the nerve or center responsible for the muscle movement of the throat is abnormal.
10. Sudden memory loss and difficulty in reading and writing. Some patients suddenly can’t name people or things, can’t calculate or write normally, or always forget things. This suggests that the cerebral cortex responsible for advanced thinking is abnormal.
5 actions to prevent venous thrombosis
Toe movement: Sit, put your toes on the ground, try to keep them level with your ankles, and drive your feet up and down 10 to 15 times with your toes as the fulcrum.
Massage the calf: The left leg bends naturally, bending down and gently massaging the calf with the left hand for 10 to 15 times, and changing the right leg in turn can effectively promote the blood circulation of the calf.
Heel movement: Sit, keep your feet on the ground, as close as possible to your ankles, and drive your feet up and down with the heel as the fulcrum. When moving up, try to get close to your ankles and repeat 10 to 15 times.
Knee-hugging rotation: Sit, hold the left knee with both hands, rotate the foot to the left for 5 to 10 times and to the right for 5 to 10 times with the ankle as the fulcrum, and repeat the same action with the right foot.
