CCTV News:Carry forward the Olympic spirit with sculpture art, tell the story of China well and enhance the friendship among countries. Let’s meet a sculptor who has been doing Olympic art design for more than 20 years. She is the first Huang Jian in the world to be awarded the title of "Olympic Art Ambassador" by the International Olympic Committee.

　　During the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games in Beijing, a 3.6-meter-high statue of the Olympic Goddess, wearing an olive branch crown and holding high the Olympic rings, attracted guests from all over the world to stop, enjoy and remember, including Samaranch Jr. and President Bach of the International Olympic Committee.

　　In Shougang Winter Olympic Park, more than 100 kilometers away from Yanqing, the statue of Olympic Goddess, which stands between steel blast furnaces, also welcomes athletes from all over the world. Its creator is sculptor Huang Jian.

　　Sculptor Huang Jian:My "Olympic Goddess" comes from the ancient Greek goddess of victory, which represents sports and victory. The base of this work is a lotus flower, which represents peace and beauty in China culture.

　　Speaking of it, the sculpture "Olympic Goddess" can appear in Yanqing Winter Olympic Village and Shougang Beijing Winter Olympic Organizing Committee, and there is still a legendary journey. Because as early as two years ago, Huang Jian created the Olympic Goddess in Beijing at the invitation of Mr. Bach, President of the International Olympic Committee, and made his debut in Lausanne, Switzerland.

　　Sculptor Huang Jian:This work was completed at the International Olympic Committee on January 17th, 2020 during the Winter Youth Olympic Games in Lausanne. At that time, President Bach personally presided over the inauguration ceremony. President Bach once praised the Olympic Goddess as a great symbol of the Olympic spirit and world peace, and hoped that the Olympic Goddess would fly from Lausanne, the modern Olympic capital, to the host city of every Olympic Games.

　　Huang Jian took "Olympic Goddess" as the core image of the series of Beijing Winter Olympics works, and created many groups of works. In "Dream in Concentric Circles" and "Together with the Future", she created "Chang ‘e Moon God" in a romantic way, joined hands with "Olympic Goddess" and danced with the sun and the moon, combining the traditional Chinese culture with the Olympic spirit.

　　Sculptor Huang Jian:Because we are the 24th Winter Olympics, and then the whole work is shaped like a group flower with 24 petals. We have 24 solar terms in China, and the Winter Olympics is held in our Spring Festival, which embodies the idea of better.

　　For the Beijing Winter Olympics, Huang Jian created a number of sculpture works, such as Olympic Flame, Winter Olympics Dream, Winter Olympics Song, Ten Thousand Years’ Covenant and Ode to Olympic Health.

　　Sculptor Huang Jian:As an artist, I actually made the Olympic Games (design) from July 13, 2001, the moment when Beijing successfully applied for the Olympic Games. From that moment on, I set such an ambition. So I have actually done 21 years of Olympic works, and there are 53 works so far.

　　He created 53 sculptures for six consecutive Olympic Games, and Huang Jian won the "Outstanding Contribution Award for Inheriting the Olympic Spirit" issued by the International Olympic Committee.

　　CCTV News (Reporter Liu Liang):On May 27th, the State Council Office held a press conference on "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Establishing Land Spatial Planning System and Supervising its Implementation" (hereinafter referred to as "Several Opinions"). Zhao Long, Vice Minister of Natural Resources, said in response to a CCTV reporter’s question that compared with the original spatial planning system, the new spatial planning system pays more attention to implementing the new development concept, promoting high-quality development, adhering to the people-centered principle, satisfying people’s desire for a high-quality and better life, and making greater efforts to improve the modernization of spatial governance system and governance capacity. Specifically, there are several aspects:

　　First, the new planning system is conducive to the realization."multi-regulation integration".

　　In the past, there were many types of spatial planning, and at the same time, there was not enough coordination among them, and there were many overlaps. This time, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council clearly integrated the main functional area planning, land use planning, urban and rural planning and other spatial planning, which will become a name in the future, called land spatial planning. At the same time, it is a new feature to form a platform, that is, the basic information platform of national land space, to form a "map" of national land space planning, so as to realize more scientific planning and stricter supervision.

　　Second, this is the embodiment.state willConstraint planning of.

　　This document clearly stipulates that the land spatial planning is compiled from top to bottom, and it also stipulates that the lower-level planning should obey the higher-level planning, and the special planning and detailed planning should implement the overall planning. The purpose is to deploy the major decisions made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and implement the national strategies such as national security strategy, regional development strategy and main functional area strategy step by step into the final detailed planning and other implementation plans through binding indicators and border control, so as to ensure the implementation and landing of major national strategies.

　　In the past, there were different ways to control the planning. For example, the overall land use planning was organized from top to bottom, but the urban and rural planning may pay more attention to the development of the local area, which is a management model that lacks communication between the upper and lower levels.

　　Third, this is aStrengthen planning authorityPlanning system.

　　This "Several Opinions" is very clear. The first is to clarify the legality of the land spatial planning. It is mentioned that once the land spatial planning is approved, no unit or individual may arbitrarily modify or change it in violation of regulations, which has changed the problems that the planning adjustment in the past was arbitrary and changeable. Second, it is clearly stipulated that planning should be carried out first, and all development and construction activities should conform to the planning, and construction should not be carried out in violation of regulations. Third, the plan is not static, but there are strict restrictions on the adjustment and modification of the plan. Restrictions generally include the following aspects: first, the country’s new major strategic changes and adjustments; Second, the adjustment of major national construction projects; Third, the adjustment of administrative divisions; Fourth, in the regular evaluation, if it is found that the planning is not suitable for the local economic and social development, it can also be adjusted. However, these adjustments stipulate a clear precondition, that is, the consent of the original planning examination and approval authority must be obtained before the corresponding adjustments can be made according to the procedures. Fourth, it is clear that the implementation supervision of strict planning requires the control boundary and binding indicators to land; The fifth is to strictly investigate and deal with violations of planning. These regulations make the planning more authoritative and the implementation of supervision more stringent.

　　Fourth, this is a use.Advanced technical supportPlanning system.

　　The "Several Opinions" clearly put forward that it is necessary to establish a unified basic information platform for national land spatial planning and form a "one map" of national land planning. The construction of information platform also has clear requirements, that is, to use the latest natural resources survey data, apply the national unified surveying and mapping benchmark and surveying and mapping system, integrate all kinds of spatial data, and use advanced information means to build a national unified spatial basic information platform. At the same time, combined with the plans compiled by various localities, a unified "one map" is formed throughout the country. It ensures that the next step in planning and implementing supervision is more scientific, more effective and more advanced.

　　Finally, this isImplement the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform.Planning system.

　　This time, many requirements have been put forward on how to improve the efficiency of administrative examination and approval in planning examination and approval. For example, reduce the number of cities reporting to the State Council to review the master plan. Second, according to the principle of approving whatever is in charge, focus on the implementation of regulatory review, so as to reduce the problem that the content of review was overloaded in the past. At the same time, the power of planning approval below the county level is handed over to the provincial government, which can improve efficiency. At the same time, the realization of "multi-regulation integration" will give us an opportunity to improve land use approval and other administrative licenses in accordance with the requirements of the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, effectively improve the business environment, improve the efficiency of administrative approval, and promote a more optimized and favorable business environment.

Some districts, counties and departments in Beijing have further tightened the management policy of civil servants going abroad for personal reasons. Yesterday, the Beijing News reporter learned that at present, all the passports of cadres at the department level and below in Tongzhou District who have gone abroad for private purposes have been handed in, which are kept by the unit collectively, and the principal responsible persons of department-level institutions have to register and put on record for going abroad for private purposes. In Huairou District, the filing management of personnel in classified positions abroad has also been extended to the department level.

Last year, after the Central Organization Department issued regulations to strengthen the management of going abroad, Beijing also tightened the management of cadres going abroad for personal reasons, but it was mainly aimed at cadres at or above the department level.

Passports of Tongzhou department-level cadres are kept in a confidential cabinet.

Recently, the Central Organization Department and the Ministry of Public Security issued a document requesting to further strengthen the supervision and management of leading cadres going abroad for personal reasons in cooperation with the international anti-corruption memorial service. Recently, Beijing’s newly-established Pursuit Office has also emphasized the control of "escape prevention", including strengthening the management of entry and exit licenses for party member and state employees.

Yesterday, the Beijing News reporter learned that at present, cadres at the department level and below in more than 90 units in Tongzhou District who have passports for going abroad for private purposes must be "handed in" and managed by their own units in a centralized and unified manner.

A civil servant in Tongzhou District said that cadres at or above the department level who hold personal passports are kept by the organization department of the district committee. If it is a newly promoted deputy director, it is required to "hand in" the passport to the organization department within 10 days. In contrast, the personal passports of cadres at the department level and below are "stored" in their own units. "If you want to travel abroad, you have to go through the approval of the top leader before you can get your passport back."

It is reported that Tongzhou District has recently issued a notice explicitly requiring all units to establish a centralized custody and internal examination and approval system for cadres at or below the department level who go abroad for private purposes.

The reporter learned that all units in Tongzhou District should arrange a special manager to manage the documents held by cadres and workers at or below the department level. These documents are required to be stored in a special "secret cabinet". According to the recent inspection by the Organization Department of Tongzhou District Committee, all personal passports have been handed in.

In addition, some municipal departments in Beijing have also put forward the requirement of handing in passports for department-level cadres in specific positions. A civil servant in a municipal department said that secret-related departments such as personnel and finance departments, as well as ordinary clerks who keep confidential documents and manage data, also need to hand in their passports.

Some district and county-level cadres must go abroad for the record.

Previously, according to the requirements of the Central Organization Department, Beijing has stipulated that leading cadres at or above the department level should register and put on record for going abroad privately. The Beijing News reporter learned that some districts and counties have also extended to some post-level cadres in response to the management policy of "filing system" for cadres going abroad for private reasons.

According to the relevant person in charge of the organization department of Huairou District Committee, for some department-level cadres in secret-related units, they also need to register for filing because they go abroad privately. "For example, the section chief and deputy section chief of some confidential departments require them to go to the entry-exit department for the record. They need to get the approval of the organization department for going abroad privately, otherwise it is impossible to release them. "

Tongzhou District clearly takes several types of personnel as the objects of registration and filing, including on-the-job district-level and department-level leading cadres, deputy directors of district-owned enterprises, and financial and confidential personnel of various units. At the same time, for the first time, the main person in charge of a department-level institution with legal person qualification was included in the scope of registration personnel.

At present, all units in Tongzhou District have received the Registration Form for State Staff. In the filing form, you will be required to fill in personal information such as the ID number of the person who went abroad for personal reasons, and the organization department will submit it to the exit-entry administration department of the public security for comparison and review when the cadres go abroad.

Relevant regulations on the administration of leading cadres going abroad (border)

Central regulations

In July, 2013, in order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the eight regulations, the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC issued the Opinions of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Foreign Affairs Office of the Central Committee, the Organization Department of the Central Committee and the Ministry of Finance on Further Regulating the Temporary Going Abroad for Business of State Employees below the Provincial and Ministerial Levels.

In March 2014, the Central Organization Department issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Management and Supervision of Leading Cadres Going Abroad. The document strengthens the management of leading cadres’ certificates for going abroad.

In 2015, the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Ministry of Public Security jointly issued a notice (Group Tongzi [2015] No.20) on the special treatment of illegal handling and holding certificates for going abroad for personal reasons, requiring all units to implement the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, cooperate with the international anti-corruption memorial service, and further strengthen the supervision and management of leading cadres going abroad for personal reasons.

Beijing implements

In May 2014, in order to implement the relevant requirements of the Central Organization Department, the Organization Department of the Beijing Municipal Committee issued a notice on strengthening the management of leading cadres going abroad, and more attention was paid to leading cadres going abroad for personal reasons. It clearly stipulates that:

On-the-job leading cadres at or above the division level are strictly required to go abroad (border) for private affairs, and are generally not approved. Due to special circumstances, going abroad (territory) needs to be submitted for approval in strict accordance with the prescribed procedures in accordance with the cadre management authority.

Key overseas audit targets

Leading cadres involved in the management of personnel, finance, materials and confidential files; naked official

rule

● Centralized management of private passports handed in by cadres at or above the division level.

● Turn in your passport within 7 days after you come back from going abroad on business.

● Turn in your passport within 10 days after you come back from going abroad for personal reasons.

● Cadres at or above the division level are generally not approved for going abroad privately, and special circumstances require strict approval.

● Retired bureau-level cadres need to be approved by the party committees of bureau-level units.

Following Beijing’s tightening of the "threshold" for leading cadres at department level and above to go abroad for personal reasons, some districts and counties also strictly control the civil servants at department level and below to go abroad for personal reasons.

Tongzhou

Cadres at the department level and below in more than 90 units in the whole region who have passports for going abroad on private business must be "handed in" and managed centrally by their own units.

bring under control through mollification/conciliation

For some department-level cadres in secret-related units, it is also necessary to refer to the management policies of department-level cadres when going abroad privately, and implement registration and filing.

Changping

On-the-job department-level cadres are generally not allowed to go abroad for personal reasons. In addition, those who hold classified posts, even if they are not department-level cadres, are not allowed to go abroad for personal reasons.

How many steps does it take to go abroad? (Take a department-level cadre of a unit as an example)

Report to the person in charge of the application department for signature, and submit the application to the head of the organization and personnel department for signature and approval, and return the passport after going abroad and returning home.

reveal a secret

How to approve department-level civil servants going abroad for personal reasons?

The passport can only be "borrowed" after the head of the unit has signed it for review.

The Beijing News reporter learned from a number of units yesterday that since last year, Beijing has strictly controlled the requirements for leading cadres at or above the departmental level to go abroad for private affairs, and generally does not approve them. Due to special circumstances, going abroad (territory) needs to be submitted for approval in strict accordance with the prescribed procedures in accordance with the cadre management authority.

"Department-level cadres are not allowed to go abroad for personal reasons without special circumstances, whether they are real or imaginary." A civil servant of a municipal department said that this year a newly promoted deputy-department-level cadre of the unit "grabbed" a trip abroad before publicity. "I feel that there will be no chance in the future."

A cadre in Changping District also said that in-service department-level cadres are generally not allowed to go abroad for personal reasons, unless they are visiting relatives and other special circumstances, they will not be approved. In addition, confidential positions such as password workers, even if they are not departmental cadres, are not allowed to go abroad for personal reasons.

In contrast, although some districts, counties and departments in Beijing have also strengthened the management policies for department-level civil servants to go abroad, on the whole, department-level civil servants have higher "freedom" for going abroad privately.

A chief clerk of the financial department of a unit introduced that his passport had been handed in. If he needed to travel abroad during his annual leave, he would have to write an application to the organization, and the director of the office would sign it and submit it to the personnel department for approval. In the process of examination and approval, the passport can only be "borrowed" after it is signed by the top leader of the unit.

"If you just travel, you can generally review it." The clerk said, but sometimes it will face embarrassment. For example, some tour groups require to hand in their passports immediately. At this time, the approval process of the unit will be "too late", so travel abroad must be "advanced".

He said that after traveling abroad, he must return as scheduled according to the time limit for applying for going abroad and return his passport as soon as possible. "Every time you use a passport, the specific time of lending and returning will be registered accordingly."

What should party member do if he doesn’t return home after going abroad for personal reasons?

Those who leave home for one year without reason shall be treated as leaving the Party.

According to the organization department, party member went abroad for a short time for private affairs, and his organizational relationship remained in his original unit. When party member returns to China as scheduled, he should report the situation during his departure to the Party organization of the original unit in time.

If party member returns to China after the holiday, I need to complain to the party organization about the reasons. If the reasons are justified and there is no problem after examination, he can resume his organizational life in party member. If you leave for half a year or so without reason, or make general mistakes, you can give appropriate criticism and education according to the specific situation, and give appropriate punishment when necessary.

However, for those who have returned to China for more than one year without reason, they generally cannot resume their organizational life and should be dealt with by leaving the party on their own. If serious problems are found, the situation is true after examination, and they should be dealt with seriously, and some should be expelled from the party.

background

Some provinces and cities strengthen the management of civil servants going abroad.

Gansu province requires that the information of leading cadres at or above the deputy department level in the province shall be filed in the public security organs; At the same time, the personnel departments at all levels shall be responsible for the centralized custody of all leading cadres at or above the deputy department level for going abroad (border) for personal reasons in accordance with their duties and authorities.

Nanchang strengthens the management of six categories of personnel going abroad for personal reasons, including township-level cadres managed by county and district committees and secret-related personnel in various departments and industries. These personnel will be registered and put on record, and will be handed over to centralized custody for private ordinary passports, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan passes, etc.

Recently, for the first time in Xining City, 3,168 "middle-level leaders of municipal units" and "leading cadres at district, county and township levels" were included in the scope of personnel who went abroad for private registration. When these people apply for going abroad for personal reasons, they must submit the opinions of their work units on the applicant’s going abroad (territory) to the exit-entry administration department of the public security organ where the household registration is located, otherwise they will not be able to apply for the documents for going abroad (territory) for personal reasons.(Reporter Wen Wei Wu Wei)

　　Chen Wei

　　The Journey to the West is a well-known famous novel, whose content can be said to be a projection of social life at that time, and there are many descriptions of the Silk Road in the book. In the eighty-fourth time, four men and women passed through France and heard that the king was only four places short of his wish to slaughter thousands of monks, so they had to dress up as businessmen. This is the strongest plot of The Journey to the West’s trade on the Silk Road, which allows us to understand many aspects of the Ming Dynasty trade, such as the appellation of merchants, the custody of property in business travel, the price and trading methods of bulk goods, and so on, which also involves the important trade on the Silk Road — — Selling horses.

　　Important areas in silk road trade

　　On the Silk Road, in addition to silk, many goods such as tea and porcelain continued to flow between China and other regions in large quantities, which made the connection between different cultures close and stable, and made ancient China an important puzzle in the world system.

　　Horses are similar to the above-mentioned materials, but in the opposite direction. They are a large number of commodities imported into China from abroad in history. We sometimes see such names as "Silk Horse Trade" and "Tea Horse Road". It can be said that horses are integrated with China’s export materials such as silk, tea and porcelain, and exchanged among the parties in the market along the Silk Road.

　　Horses have been used in China since the Bronze Age, and a special institution for raising and managing horses has been set up in the central government. However, at that time, there was still an urgent need to build elite cavalry horses, so Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty obtained the "West Pole Tianma" from Central Asia at all costs. After the Han Dynasty, there was a gradual physical trade between the Central Plains Dynasty and the surrounding nomadic regimes in exchange for good horses. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the imperial court bought tens of thousands of horses every year.

　　Horse trade is not unique between China and its neighboring ethnic groups. Riding originated in the vast Eurasian grassland, where the interaction between nomadic people and surrounding areas may lead to the flow of horses. Horse trade is not limited to Eurasian grasslands. For example, after the emergence of cavalry and chariots in ancient Egypt in the 15th century BC, Kush, which is located in the south of them, which is today’s Sudan, was used as a good horse producing area. In the 8th century BC, a large number of horses from ancient Egypt were imported into the Near East, forming the chariot forces of Assyria, a military power.

　　Around this time, Sketai people gradually marched from Eurasian grassland to the Black Sea and even the Danube River basin, and their superb riding skills left a deep impression on the ancient Greeks. Later, the ancient Greeks established colonies around the Black Sea, from which they obtained the horses of the Skettians. It can be seen that horse trade has appeared in different parts of the world since nearly 3000 years ago and has become an important part of transnational trade.

　　Development of Xiangma Technology

　　Because horses are always valuable strategic resources, how to develop the knowledge of knowing, raising and protecting horses to make the best use of them has become an important task in agricultural areas. As the old saying goes, "Bole is rare", but from a global perspective, Bole, which is good at horse-riding, is found in all civilizations.

　　In the pre-Qin period, the horse administration was quite perfect. Zhou Li said that the primary task of horse officials was to distinguish good horses that were suitable for running on different roads and those that could only serve and contribute. Not later than the Han dynasty, people have systematically summarized the experience of distinguishing horses and formed a kind of works such as Xiangma Jing. Xiang Ma Jing, a silk book unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb, has a full text of more than 5,200 words. The morphology of the head, eyes, limbs and other parts is used to identify different levels of horses such as national horses, national treasures, world horses and Juechen. A part of Xiang Ma Jing preserved in Qi Min Yao Shu by Jia Sixie in the Northern Wei Dynasty further linked the five senses with the five zang-organs, and developed the method of Xiang Ma Wu-organs.

　　If the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period and the Qin and Han Dynasties were the period of vigorous development of horse breeding in China, ancient Greece and Rome, which were located at the other end of Eurasia at the same time, were also rich. Ma Jin was described in detail in the zoological discourses of Aristotle, Ariane and Pliny Sr, in the agricultural works of Varo and Krumera, and in the veterinary works of Peragnius. Its content includes not only the knowledge of breeding and feeding needed for keeping horses, but also the method of determining the age of horses according to teeth — — The latter is especially important to see through the deception of unscrupulous horse dealers when buying and selling.

　　The earliest book on horse breeding in ancient India, The Complete Book of Sally Hotra, was written in the 3rd century BC. The book records the anatomy, physiology, diseases and surgery of horses, as well as the knowledge of identifying the age of horses. Judging from the chapter structure, the book may have internal relations with ancient Greek works.

　　The knowledge of horse husbandry in classical times, especially the knowledge of anatomy and physiology of horses, was inherited by Arab animal husbandry with the translation movement. Influenced by the teachings of the prophet Muhammad, Arab princes and nobles especially like thoroughbred horses, so the main job of Arab Bole is to identify whether horses have noble origins. They can search the characteristics and lineages of various famous horses, and can also judge their lineages according to their external characteristics.

　　The horse riding in different cultures is obviously the product of the continuous stimulation of ancient zoology by the horse trade. In terms of knowledge content, there is no lack of overlap between different cultures, but in terms of theme and preference, they are different with the implication of horses in local culture. For example, China Xiang Equestrian selects "Maxima" who is good at running in order to enrich cavalry; In ancient Greece, horses were mostly used as draught animals, so it was important to identify the age teeth.

　　So how did Tang Priest choose a horse? According to the biography of Xuanzang in the Tang Dynasty, he bought a strong horse at first, but later, when crossing the desert, he listened to the words of an old man and changed to an old horse that had traveled back and forth dozens of times. This is just the opposite of the experience of changing horses in The Journey to the West.

　　(The author is an associate researcher at the Institute of Natural Science History, Chinese Academy of Sciences)