This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:Cube Knowledge Manufacturing Bureau (ID: M3zhizaoju), Author: Sun Pengfei, editor: Tang Xiaoyuan, the original title: "Who knows China’s new countryside, who will have its 100 billion market blue ocean after leaving", the title map comes from: vision china.

The wind of China’s new energy automobile market is still going on, and even the big Internet companies have entered the workshop-Baidu wants to build an "automobile robot", Tencent wants to be a car-enterprise connector, Huawei, who keeps saying that it won’t build a car, has handed over the world, and Ali has cooperated with SAIC to make a wise man.

However, before Wuling Hongguang MINI EV, the wave of new energy vehicles rarely covered the vast third-and fourth-tier township markets.Residents there rely on a transitional product-"Old Man Le" to travel through the countryside.

Today, Cube Knowledge Manufacturing Bureau deeply investigated the "old man’s music" in transition, and restored their life-and-death struggle under the attack of policy surprise and car companies’ dimensionality reduction.

In March 2016, a classic British car with an original price of less than 200 pounds was sold at a premium of 60,000 times in Sotheby’s.(about 1.2 million yuan), enough to buy a Porsche 911.

Bidding for the Pierre P50, which has another title: the world’s most pocket-sized car.

P50 is a three-wheeled car. The tires are only the size of doughnuts, and the height and width of the car body are about 1m, which is almost half of that of Wuling Hongguang MINIEV. It can accommodate an adult driver and a shopping bag, with a top speed of 45km/h..

The P50 doesn’t have a reverse gear, and the weight of the car is just over 100 kilograms. The owner can drag the P50 like a big piece of luggage.

A means of transportation like P50, whose price and body are smaller than ordinary cars and whose speed is lower than 70km/h, is called "ATV" in France. If lead-acid battery and electric system are used, it will become the "old man’s joy" known to China netizens-low-speed electric vehicle.

In China, once this kind of "car" with a price of less than 20,000 yuan "didn’t need a driver’s license, license and insurance".You can buy food and pick up the baby by driving directly on the road.

It’s a magical story in Europe and America to have a try and break three wheels and become a luxury car. Spell a spell, "Old Man Le" joined the regular army, which is the current story of China.

Since March last year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has listed "Old Man Le" as the management standard of miniature pure electric vehicles for the first time.The new regulations have been implemented since September last year.

Number of seats: 4 or less.

Maximum speed: less than 70km/h

Body size: the length should be no more than 3.5m, the width should be no more than 1.5m, the height should be no more than 1.7m, and the curb weight of the whole vehicle should not exceed 750kg.

Battery: Only Ferrous lithium phosphate or ternary lithium battery can be used.

Energy density: not less than 70Wh/kg

This national policy is the general manager, and local governments have issued corresponding management regulations, which vary from place to place-

For example, Beijing:

Beijing banned the sale of old people’s music. From January 1, 2024, "old people’s music" had to drive on the road and could not be parked in public places.

Another example is Liaocheng, Shandong:

Since last year, there have been 44,000 traffic violations of "Old Man Le" in Liaocheng. During this summer vacation(July 10th to September 10th)Liaocheng concentrated on rectifying the "Old Man Music", strictly checking the roads in the no-go area where the old man was happy, implementing stepped punishment, and seizing and collecting according to law.

In this way, the old man and the "old man music" enterprises are not happy."Old Man Le" needs a driver’s license, a license and risks on the road.

The low-price advantage of "Lao Toule" car companies is gone. Originally, Lao Toule could sell for 20,000 yuan or less, mainly using lead-acid batteries which are 6,000-7,000 yuan cheaper than lithium batteries and have great environmental pollution.Now that the cost has gone up, the attraction to rural users has also declined.

To put it bluntly, the impact of the new regulations on low-end capacity enterprises in China’s automobile industry is"Upgrade a batch, standardize a batch, and eliminate a batch".

One year after the new regulations, today, the Cube Knowledge Manufacturing Bureau conducted an in-depth investigation of the disappearing "Old Man Le" enterprises through interviews with senior people in the industry, and 90% of them have become floating foam in the Red Sea in the vast rural areas.

The remaining enterprises have little time left-

Laodule enterprises such as Reading, Yujie and Jimai have been transformed into A00-class new energy automobile manufacturers, and they have entered the same river and lake as Wuling Hongguang MINI EV, but they have not sold more than 10,000 vehicles per month, so it is difficult to produce them on a large scale.

Today, the rivers and lakes of China’s new energy vehicles are like a yan zhen, and the low value-added "Laodule" enterprises are at the bottom.

At the moment of manufacturing transformation and upgrading,If we can’t get rid of low value-added production, the "old man le" enterprise can’t find its positioning and market, and the only way to return is to die.

A passer-by in the rush era

"Old Man Le", a travel tool with "original sin", can break out in the countryside, mainly based on two key elements:

1. Traditional car companies and new car-making forces ignore the rural travel market and let the "old man music" take advantage of it;

2. The advantages of low price and low cost of "Old Man Le" are quite attractive to the rural market.

"Old Man Le" will surely become a passer-by of the times.

It was born in Shandong and Henan provinces in 2007, and took the lead in capturing the travel needs of 600 million third-and fourth-tier urban residents.

Take Shandong, where the production and sales of Laodule have exceeded one million as an example. The distance between villages in Shandong is more than 20 kilometers, and it was not until 2014 that buses were connected between villages. Prior to this, residents’ travel tools were nothing more than motorcycles, agricultural vehicles and fuel vehicles.

Riding a motorcycle with iron wrapped in meat is prone to accidents when it is windy and rainy;

It is uncomfortable to open agricultural machinery, and the driver is hard to resist the heat and winter;

Those who use fuel cars are most afraid of not finding a gas station when they go out.

It is difficult to refuel in remote rural areas, and underground gas stations once appeared in Shandong. Source: Jining Net.

"The old man is happy" is different-Compared with iron-clad tricycles and motorcycles, it has a layer of metal cover to protect against wind and rain; More car air conditioning than agricultural machinery, comfortable travel; Compared with a fuel car, you can run 60 kilometers only by charging electricity at home for one night.

More importantly, "Old Man Le" is not expensive, which is in line with the consumption psychology of price-sensitive users.Price determines the market,This golden rule, which was then in the third-and fourth-tier towns, can still be reused in many areas today.

In 2008, the annual net income of rural residents in Shandong was 5641 yuan. Buying the cheapest car will cost 50,000 to 60,000 yuan, equivalent to 10 years’ income.

Buying an old man’s music is just right. The cheapest old man music is only 6000 yuan, which is less than the price of an iPhone.

Most of the "old people’s music" is concentrated in the price of about 20 thousand yuan, which can be equipped with air conditioning.Black technologies such as GPS navigation and reversing radar can be used.After buying such a "car", you can go back to the village and blow it.

Laotoule’s use cost is also low, and it can save nearly 10,000 yuan by going on the road "without taking a driver’s license test, licensing or insurance". In addition, "Laotoule" does not need to refuel, and the charging cost is 1/16 of the oil price.

In the early days, the information of towns and villages in the third and fourth lines was relatively blocked. If you want to buy a car, 37.8% of the residents will ask the car owners for information, and 23.2% of the residents will rely on the recommendation of relatives and friends. In terms of travel instead of walking, "Old Man Le" really solved the pain point of sheltering from the wind and rain, and it also relied on this.from mouth to mouth, "Old Man Le" sucks a group of KOL, and its carrying capacity is comparable to that of Tik Tok’s former brother Luo Yonghao.

In this way, "Old Man Le" has gained a firm foothold in Shandong and Henan, where the elderly population ranks in the top three. After accumulating the original capital, enterprises such as Yujie, Reading and Baoya, the leaders of "Old Man Music", also began to promote this product to towns and villages in the central and western regions such as Hubei, Guangxi and Shanxi.

In 2013, "Old Man Music" ushered in an outbreak. According to incomplete statistics,In 2020, there will be about 100 "Laotoule" enterprises above designated size, with an output of more than 2 million vehicles.

The regional manager of a battery supplier of "Lao Toule" still remembers that from 2016 to 2018, the battery business related to "Lao Toule" increased by 200% to 300% every year.

Another set of shocking data shows that by the end of 2020, the number of electric vehicles in China is less than 5 million, while the number of low-speed three-wheeled and four-wheeled electric vehicles, mainly Laodule, has exceeded 10 million as early as 2019.

The sales of "Old Man Le" ran wildly, relying on "peer foil".

Traditional car companies ignore the treasure of the rural market, and often the rural sales channels are not smooth, and there are few distribution sites. When buying low-emission cars, residents in third-and fourth-tier towns and villages have concerns about maintenance.

The "new forces to build cars" first paid attention to the markets of first-and second-tier cities, and after trying to gain a foothold, they surrounded the countryside from the cities.

It can be said that "Laotoule" took the lead in replacing the township battery cars, motorcycles and agricultural vehicles with about 100 million possessions.

However, "the old man is happy" has "original sin".

According to the regulations, only the models that have entered the catalogue of automobile announcements of the National Development and Reform Commission are allowed to be produced. Only the vehicles that enter the catalogue can get the license plate of the public security traffic control department, and the next step is the insurance process.

Most cheap and rough "old people’s music" can’t get on the "announcement catalogue" of the National Development and Reform Commission, and naturally they can’t get on the cards or get on the insurance.

It is not entirely true that the "old man is happy" enterprise illegally produces. Most enterprises are still "legally producing".They declared "Lao Toule" as an electric sightseeing bus, bypassed the National Development and Reform Commission and got the production license directly from the General Administration of Quality Supervision.

But in marketing, the enterprise intends to guide this as an "electric car".The safety hazard of this crashworthiness makes "Laodule" bear the notoriety of "mobile urn".

When the regulatory vacuum is filled, a dimension reduction blow to the "Old Man Le" enterprise is about to be staged.

Based on the registered capital of 10 million yuan, Cube Knowledge Manufacturing Bureau sorted out the "Old Man Le" enterprises that have left the market. Source of information: enterprise investigation, drawing: Cube Knowledge Manufacturing Bureau.

Three paths are difficult to survive

How does the cost killer Wuling Hongguang MINI EV bias the old man music enterprise?

Why did Laotoule enterprises switch to two-wheeled electric vehicles, go out to sea and upgrade to A00-class new energy vehicles? It seems that all roads lead to Rome, but every road will hit the wall.

If there is no "Old Man Le" to cultivate electric vehicle users in the rural travel market, the aura of Wuling Hongguang’s magical car may be dim by half.

At the beginning of 2019, "Laotoule" enterprises were required to ban new production capacity.

At this juncture, in July of that year, the national car Wuling Hongguang MINI EV was released-in the second month of listing, Tesla was pressed to become the monthly sales champion of new energy vehicles.

As we all know, the birth of Wuling Hongguang MINI EV comes from the discussion of the WeChat group of Wuling macro riders. Some female car owners complained that there was not a model with a travel radius of 10 ~ 20km, which could shelter from the wind and rain and was not expensive-macaroon color, small and lovely, and retro interior.

In response to user needs, MINI EV was born.According to the current words, this can be regarded as a C2M product.

Similarly, Wuling also understands the needs of township users through the corporate WeChat riders. Some car owners gave feedback in the group and couldn’t find a suitable place to put breakfast in the car. There is a hook on the new MINI EV model here.

Wuling Hongguang MINI EV Avocado Color Source: Wuling official website

Some people say that if "Old Man Le" is an "upgraded electric tricycle", then Wuling Hongguang MINI EV is a "degraded new energy vehicle".

According to the current standards for low-speed electric vehicles, Wuling Hongguang MINI EV is compliant except for the definition that the maximum speed is 100 km/h, which is higher than that of low-speed electric vehicles and lower than 70 km/h..

Low-speed electric vehicles no longer have separate standards, but are included in the standards of new energy vehicles, and the definition of miniature pure electric passenger cars is added;

Low-speed cars can only use Ferrous lithium phosphate or ternary lithium batteries;

Requirements for collision test, vehicle quality, motor performance, climbing performance and even tire pressure detection;

Low-speed electric vehicles are not included in the double carbon points, and there is no subsidy.

The "Laotoule" enterprise was shocked. Wuling Hongguang MINI EV used lithium batteries, but it only sold for 28,800 yuan.At that time, the price of "Lao Toule" products using lithium batteries was more than 40,000 yuan.

Cartography: Cube Knowledge Bureau

Wuling Hongguang MINI EV seems to have aimed at the short-distance travel market in the third-and fourth-tier towns during the shutdown period of "Old Man Le", and gradually disintegrated the core market of "Old Man Le".

At the time of the lockout, there are only three ways to live for the "Old Man Le" enterprise:Changing careers, going to sea, and becoming a full-fledged "car", however, each one is difficult.

1. Switch to two-wheeled electric vehicles: the market is saturated and shrinking.

To put it bluntly, the logic of "Lao Toule" enterprise being downgraded to be a two-wheeled electric vehicle is very simple.For the same market and people."Laotoule" enterprises can take advantage of the original channel advantages.

However, after the "old man’s music" experience, the travel thinking of the original user group has changed. If you are willing to take a driver’s license test and buy a mini electric car, few people are willing to continue riding a battery car.

Among the remaining users who don’t want to rely on driver’s licenses, Emma, Yadea and other two-wheeled electric vehicles got stuck in the market early. The latter can have advantages in product performance and cost through technology accumulation and large-scale production, and these barriers are difficult for latecomers to break through.

Cui Dongshu, Secretary-General of China Passenger Transport Association, told Cube Knowledge Building Bureau,China’s two-wheeled electric vehicle market is saturated and shrinking."There are not so many young people riding electric cars in China."

What can be confirmed is a set of data. Even with the replacement of lead-acid batteries, the cumulative sales of two-wheeled electric vehicles in China decreased by 13.9% in 2021.

2. Going to Europe and America: It is lower than the standard of passenger cars, but there is no anti-collision product yet.

There are also mini-cars in Europe, and they are very popular.

There are many old buildings and narrow roads in Europe, so small cars are more convenient to drive and park. For example, in Rome, many streets are only enough for two cars to meet. Even an old taxi driver can’t avoid scratching marks on the car body.

Different from Americans’ pursuit of tall and spacious models, European car companies have long paid attention to micro-fuel vehicles, which typically represent Mercedes-Benz Smart and Volkswagen Beetle.

However, the European market lacks low-speed micro electric vehicles. This is because of the EU’s carbon emission policy,The compliance cost of car companies is spread equally on each electric car, ranging from 600 to 1,000 euros.(about RMB 4629.7 ~ 7716.2).

Like domestic users, European mini-car users are price-sensitive, and the price of mini-cars is about 108,000 yuan. If the compliance cost is passed on to the consumer, it is difficult for users to buy it. Therefore, European car companies are reluctant to produce electric mini-cars.

This gives the temptation for China’s "Old Man Le" to export to Europe. As early as 2016, China exported 100,000 "Laodule". The surviving "Laodule" enterprises can still have a chance as long as they meet European standards.

"Compared with passenger cars, the standard of road vehicles like’ Old Man Le’ is lower."Cui Dongshu thinks.

Smart concept car in 993 Source: Wikimedia

Another gold mine is America.Kaiyun Automobile, an enterprise of "Laotoule", is a typical representative.Export miniature electric pickup truck.

Pickup truck is a totem of American culture and a necessary component in American movies. It is spacious and can carry people and goods. In 2021, it sold 2.84 million vehicles.

In 2021, the world’s largest IPO“Rivian ",which raised $11.9 billion, was an American electric pickup truck manufacturer. It is the double-carbon express train and American pickup truck feelings that make investors shout out "Tesla killer" and "the next Tesla", although Rivian has not yet mass-produced and delivered less than 1,000 cars, most of the buyers are employees.

Kaiyun Automobile was established in 2013, aiming at the end distribution scene in the rural market-Replace the battery car and tricycle of the courier brother.

At the beginning of its establishment, Kaiyun Automobile referred to the standard of electric vehicles. The first product was equipped with lithium iron phosphate battery, with a single battery life of 80 kilometers. These accumulations have also landed the new regulations and vacated the time to deal with them.

Source: Pickman official website, USA

Kaiyun Automobile is headquartered in California, with sales outlets in rural areas such as Texas, Kentucky and Idaho. Pickman miniature electric pickup trucks sold are priced between $13,500 and $30,000, while Ford F-150, which sold more than 700,000 vehicles last year, started at $39,900.

Only in terms of performance, the F-150 has a battery life of 230 miles.(370 km)Pickman is only 50~110 miles.(80~177 km), less than half of the former.

To run in the sparsely populated American countryside, price is one aspect, and endurance is another key point.

At present, Kaiyun Automobile has not announced the sales volume in the US market. Cubic Manufacturing Bureau has contacted Kaiyun related persons, but as of press time, the other party has not replied.

3. Join the regular army: The road is blocked by Wuling Hongguang MINI EV.

Going to sea in Europe and America is an "old man’s music enterprise" that seeks outward, and only taking root inward can it become a regular car-making army.

To build a car, it seems that only the "old man music" industry leaders like Yujie and Reading can afford it.

Cartography of Transformation Action of Common "Old Man Music" Manufacturers: Cube Knowing and Building Bureau

Yujie once ranked first in the sales volume of "Old Man Le" for five consecutive years. Since 2015, it plans to spin off the business of "Old Man Le" and produce it by a subsidiary, taking two roads: high-speed cars and low-speed cars.

On the road of car-building qualification, Yujie hugged the thigh of traditional car companies-the Great Wall. In July 2017, Great Wall and Yujie established a joint venture company.Great Wall is willing to cooperate with Yujie, one is to take a fancy to Yujie’s channel laying in the sinking market, and the other is the carbon points of the joint venture.

In the agreement, the positive points of Yujie’s fuel consumption are all directly transferred to the Great Wall for free, and the positive points of new energy vehicles are given priority for sale to the Great Wall.

Double integral policy: the integral is divided into two types: fuel consumption and new energy. Two kinds of negative points can be deducted by obtaining new energy positive points from other car companies through transactions, transfers, etc.

If the fuel consumption reduction of fuel vehicles produced by passenger car enterprises can not meet the standard, negative fuel consumption points will be generated; If an enterprise fails to produce a certain number of new energy vehicles in proportion, it will also generate negative points for new energy.

Reading is even more heroic. In 2018, it acquired Shaanxi Qin Xing Automobile, and in early 2019, it wholly acquired Sichuan Mustang Automobile for 1.45 billion yuan, and obtained the qualification to build a car.

However, the "old man music" made a car and the short board was exposed.

In 2018, Yujie’s first electric small SUV participated in the International Electric Vehicle Challenge around Qinghai Lake. When winding the pile, the SUV skidded out of control, the vehicle broke its axle and the left front wheel fell off.

Interlaced like a mountain. The original "Old Man Le" product is just a simple transformation of "sightseeing bus".Did not form a car know-how.

In the ten years when "Old Man Le" prevailed, new energy vehicle enterprises were busy investing in research and development and technology accumulation, waiting for accumulation, and "Old Man Le" enterprises turned around in low value-added production.

In the view of Cube Knowledge Manufacturing Bureau, if products such as A00 class electric vehicles are to be built, the road leading to Rome is blocked by Wuling Hongguang MINI EV.

First of all, Wuling Hongguang MINI EV hasfirst mover advantage, get stuck on the track. Speaking of micro electric vehicles, despite Chery, Euler and other similar products, under the marketing frenzy, most people’s impression is still that national car.

Moreover, the net profit rate of MINI EV is only 2%~3%, and Wuling with deep pockets has made it clear that it will not give new entrants a way out in price-Wuling Hongguang’s.The low-price strategy is based on the cost control of the supply chain, which supports the right to speak in the supply chain and reduces costs in large-scale production. It is sales volume.

The monthly sales of Wuling Hongguang MINI EV broke 50,000 vehicles during the peak period, making it a national car. However, the enterprises that have transformed from "Laotoule" to build cars have not yet seen models with monthly sales exceeding 10,000.

Say a shocking number, according to the data of the owner’s guide network, the highest monthly sales volume of Redding mango models that have been on the hit variety Hunan Satellite TV "Chinese Restaurant" is only 6,056. Although the price of Redding Mango starts from 29,800 yuan, it is 32,800 yuan lower than the lowest price of Wuling Hongguang MINI EV and 3,000 yuan cheaper.

Redding’s profitability is difficult to catch up with Wuling before it can reach the same scale output as Wuling Hongguang MINI EV to reduce costs.

To put it bluntly, the "Old Man Le" enterprise was biased by Wuling Hongguang MINI EV, even ignoring that this car was not set to make big money.But to accumulate carbon points—

In 2020, SAIC-GM-Wuling earned 1.3 billion yuan worth of carbon points just by selling MINI EV. At that time, the carbon points were 3,000 yuan/minute.

Nowadays, traditional car companies have begun to transform to produce new energy vehicles. At the beginning of this year, the price of carbon credits fell to 500~800 yuan/min. It is not until 2021 that the "Laotoule" car company that started to launch micro-electric vehicles missed the sale of carbon dividends.

"I’m not optimistic about the competition of’ Laotoule’ enterprises in A00-class new energy vehicles. Many enterprises are not seriously transforming, but more regard A00 vehicles as a spare tire." Cui Dongshu thinks.

After the elimination of a batch, the compliant "Old Man Le" stood still in the vacant market, and new energy vehicles like Wuling Hongguang also penetrated into the low-end market on a large scale. Old Man Le enterprises still think that there is still a good time.

In 2021, the rural per capita disposable income in China reached 18,100 yuan.Their shopping habits are gradually shifting from cost performance to brand.When the beat of China’s manufacturing transformation and upgrading rings, products like "Old Man Le" will eventually become a thing of the past on the road of villages and towns.

Neglected hidden worries, combined with the new energy vehicle Jiawei attack and detours, what the "old man le" enterprises need to think about is how to survive better in the future.

Low-speed electric vehicle supply chain enterprises with registered capital of more than 300 million yuan. Source of information: enterprise investigation, drawing: Cube Knowledge Manufacturing Bureau.

Dislocation competition

Cubic Manufacturing Bureau has combed three tracks for the transformation and upgrading of Laodule enterprises in terms of market, demand and technology. Only by seeking to sink the market, meet the core needs of users and upgrade technology can "Laotoule" enterprises break through under the pressure of Wuling Hongguang MINI EV.

The answer is to find the core competitiveness of "old man music"-apart from the regulatory vacuum, why can "old man music" be popular?

The answer to the future is written in the past—The demand for short-distance travel of township residents in the third and fourth lines.

Cube Knowledge Bureau combed three ideas of dislocation competition:

1. Seek a sinking market

In a sense, "the old man is happy" has cultivated the acceptance of new energy vehicles in rural markets.The "Old Man Music" started from the rural areas of Shandong and Henan where power and road infrastructure are relatively mature.Nowadays, this market is favored by Wuling Hongguang MINI EV-the largest consumption place of Wuling Hongguang MINI EV in 2020 is Heze City, Shandong Province.

However, the layout of Wuling Hongguang is more inclined to the third-tier towns. Take Shanxi Province as an example, there are 8 stores of Wuling Hongguang in Taiyuan, and only one in Datong at the next level.

The vacant location happens to be a familiar space for "Laotoule" car companies.Rural markets in the third and fourth lines and below,The urban strategy is misplaced with Wuling Hongguang MINI EV.

China’s first-and second-tier rural areas with relatively mature economy also have sinking rural markets that have not been out of poverty for a long time. At the moment when the whole people are out of poverty, the rural areas of China have basically achieved full coverage of stable and reliable power supply services, and the sinking rural market has also met the demand for travel instead of walking.

For example, according to official data of Reading, the sales network covers more than 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China, including 2,700 first-class dealers and 7,000 second-class dealers. This is a good card in Reading’s hand.

It is a good card just because of the channels laid out when "Old Man Music" entered Shanxi.

2. Dig deep into the needs of middle-aged users

Wuling Hongguang MINI EV has a positioning for users-"town lady, town youth".

According to Wuling’s statistics, among the people who buy MINI EV nationwide in 2020, users aged 20-30 account for 40%, and white-collar workers account for 30%.

"The old man is happy" is different-The users of "Laotoule" are mostly middle-aged and elderly people over 40 years old.Travel both agriculture and business.

Therefore, it seems that the spokesperson of MINI EV is Ren Min, a post-00 actor, and the spokesperson of Reading chose Huang Xiaoming, an actor with heavy eyebrows and eyes and familiar to middle-aged and old friends.

In the view of the Cube Knowledge Building Bureau, what the "Old Man Le" enterprise really needs to think about now is the real needs of the target population-

For example, how can a mini electric car better hold farm tools? How can a micro electric vehicle adapt to the cargo capacity during the agricultural harvest period?

3. Technical breakthrough

Miniature electric vehicles such as "Laotoule" can harvest the market, and there is also a geographical factor-the Central Plains is plain, so driving electric vehicles does not need to worry about the power loss caused by mountain climbing.

Another key breakthrough in the dislocation competition with MINI EV,How to fill the travel of rural residents in hilly and mountainous rural areas.

This will involve the core of the micro electric vehicle-the three electric systems. The endurance of lithium batteries is the talent of new energy vehicles, and the motor is the key to turn talent into strength.

According to interviews with relevant persons from the Cube Knowledge Manufacturing Bureau, the overlap between the supply chain of "Laotoule" and new energy vehicles was not high before. At the moment when it is converted into new energy vehicles, what "Laotoule" enterprises need to consider is how to improve the right to speak in the automobile industry chain.

In the future, "Laotoule" will break through new markets by accumulating technology and experience and adapting to the needs of the target market.

coda

When "Old Man Le" was born, it was called "Shanzhai" car, echoing a history made in China around 2000.

Huaqiang North was born in the rough era of electronic product manufacturing in China. Narrow shops, selling high imitation, branded and miscellaneous brands of mobile phones-attract mobile phone users who pursue low cost.

Especially in 2006, MediaTek’s MTK mobile phone chip integrated motherboard and software, which lowered the threshold of mobile phone production. Some cottage manufacturers are moving towards the ranks of brands-Tianyu, G5 and Pepper.

At one time, there were more than 50 billionaires here.

When shanzhai mobile phones die out under control, China’s mobile phone industry chain is tough in the precipitation-OPPO and vivo from Shenzhen are on the same stage as Apple in the mobile phone market in China.

The halo of transformation and upgrading will also infiltrate into the "Old Man Le" industrial chain.

"Old Man Music" is limited to a certain point in China’s manufacturing industry. At first, it seems that the local government turned a blind eye to "Old Man Music". Before the new energy vehicles matured, industrial chains and clusters were formed through such a "cottage car" product, and a market for specific people was cultivated for "new energy vehicles".

"Shanzhai" exit, transformation and upgrading, is a doomed melody.Those enterprises that still maintain low value-added production will eventually be eliminated by this era.

The new energy vehicles in China are on the rise, and even Internet giants Baidu, Ali, Tencent and Huawei are involved in the workshop. Although the sinking market is huge, it will be difficult to break through when the giants also storm the sinking gold mine, if the "Old Man Le" enterprise still sticks to the moss-covered castle.

How can the wandering tail geese catch up with the flying fleet?

reference data

Peel P50: Tiny car that sold for big bucks Daily Mail

Enlightenment from the development and management of foreign "low-speed electric vehicles"

Present situation, problems and future development strategy of low-speed electric vehicle industry in China Journal of Automotive Engineering

Should we develop fake cars? China automobile industry

"shanzhai cars" occupy rural areas.

Reflections on the phenomenon of "cottage cars" in rural areas of Shandong Province Heilongjiang Agricultural Science

Low-speed electric vehicles rob auto business review.

Research on the development status of four-wheel low-speed electric vehicle industry

"Old scooter", Strengthening the Procuratorate Daily in Doubt

"Old man music" turns positive OR dies?

Behind the sales of Wuling Hongguang MINI EV, the median national resident is 22,157 yuan.

User Portrait and Cost Analysis of Hongguang MINI EV Electric Vehicle Observer

"Emission Reduction" Business of New Energy Vehicle Enterprises: Double Points+Carbon Trading shanghai securities news

Brief History Interface of "Old Man Music"

Who is "killing" the old man? Bull market materialism

Little Superman’s Pickup: Rivian’s Ambition: Longbridge Dolphin Research

Reading and Mavericks: Two-wheel-to-four-wheel upgrade, is it a vent or a window? Easy car

Study on Electric Vehicle Travel in Rural Areas of China China Electric Vehicle committee of 100

Replacing "Old Man’s Music": New Energy Vehicles Impede Shell Finance in Rural Market

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:Cube Knowledge Manufacturing Bureau (ID: M3zhizaoju), Author: Sun Pengfei, Editor: Tang Xiaoyuan

With the approaching of Guangzhou Auto Show, more and more car companies choose to throw out some "explosive materials" in the near future, while Xiaomi Auto, which is well versed in Internet gameplay, has chosen Weibo as the main battlefield, with remarkable results. A few days ago, a well-known car blogger with tens of millions of fans in the whole network once again exposed a lot of key information about Xiaomi Automobile in Weibo, and then this Weibo was deleted. However, the screenshots of the content have already spread widely. At this point, the outline of Xiaomi car gradually became clear.

The following is some information that Xiaomi Automobile can almost determine (although it can’t guarantee 100% authenticity). We will present it to you in several dimensions.

Model: medium and large four-door coupe

First of all, the brand of Xiaomi Automobile is called "Xiaomi Automobile", which is easy to remember and easy to remember. This is confirmed. The first car launched by Xiaomi Automobile is a "C-class eco-technology car". The specific body size of Xiaomi Automobile circulated before is 4860 * 1980 * 1666 mm. Whether it is accurate or not needs further official announcement. After all, the official positioning is "C-class", so the length of the new car may approach 5 meters. In the sub-model part, combined with the spy photos that have been revealed before, the first model of Xiaomi Automobile adopts a four-door coupe design, which directly targets the electric coupe of a German ultra-luxury brand. Is it quite expected? It is expected that within this week, we will be able to see the real car in the latest application information of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.    

To tell the truth, it’s not easy to locate the sports style of the medium and large sports pure electric coupe, similar to Weilai ET7, Zhijie S7 and Aouita 12. At present, there has never been a so-called "explosion" in this model. After all, no matter how hot the pre-sale of new cars is, it still has to land on the specific insurance number. If Xiaomi wants to make this new car go, it is bound to work harder on the price.

Battery configuration: 800V platform is not exclusive, and there are 400V blade batteries for entry.    

According to the earlier exposure information, the high-profile model of Xiaomi Automobile will adopt 800V platform and the battery will be 101kWh.Kirin ternary lithium battery pack, CLTC cruising range is about 800km；; With the further release of the news, we learned that the entry-level model of Xiaomi Automobile will be equipped with a blade battery of 400V platform. Obviously, the 400V platform version will have more advantages in cost control. I believe that the entry-level model equipped with blade batteries is actually the model that Xiaomi Automobile hopes to take. As for the high-profile model of the 800V version, it is to boost the brand image.

Features: 澎湃 OS bonus, the whole ecology of people and cars.

As mentioned earlier, Xiaomi Automobile is positioned as a "C-class eco-technology car" for the new car. Besides the body size, the word "ecology" is particularly important. The achievement of "eco-technology" cannot be separated from Xiaomi 澎湃 OS system, which just appeared recently.

If Xiaomi’s mobile phone, Xiaomi’s car and even Xiaomi’s home appliances share a system, then the interconnection of Xiaomi’s ecology will naturally form. At the previous Xiaomi conference, we actually saw the "tip of the iceberg" of Xiaomi 澎湃 OS interconnection function. For example, the shooting content of the roof camera can even flow directly into the WeChat video call. This experience is still very attractive and it is also a big selling point of Xiaomi Automobile. I believe that more similar functions will be realized in the future.

How much will Xiaomi car sell?

According to the above information, we have a general understanding of Xiaomi Automobile, which will be declared by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Although the big V predicted the price at 300,000-400,000 yuan, according to the above information, the actual landing price of Xiaomi Automobile should not be so high.    

According to the plan, Xiaomi Automobile will be officially listed in the first half of 2024. During this period, the prices of various models will be adjusted many times until the press conference. In fact, according to the brand tonality of Xiaomi brand, which emphasizes cost performance, this information exposure has multiple temptations, and it is extremely possible to "reverse" the final pricing of vehicles.

If Xiaomi Automobile adheres to the initial intention of "cost performance" and if Lei Jun’s previous statement of "gambling all the reputations of his life" is true, then the pre-sale price of Xiaomi Automobile is around 200,000, which may be possible.

Here, it is boldly predicted that the pre-sale price of Xiaomi will be less than 200,000 yuan, and the high-profile models will have full models similar to the first commemorative edition, which will raise the price to about 350,000 yuan.

Write it at the end

It took less than three years from the approval and landing of Xiaomi Automobile Factory in Yizhuang, Beijing, and even the trial loading of Xiaomi Automobile. Is this a new record for a new force to build a car? To achieve this speed, we need not only Xiaomi’s efforts and confidence, but also the cooperation of many aspects. It seems that the ambition of Xiaomi Automobile is really unusual!    

　　Beijing, Dec. 13 (Reporter Qi Feng) Recently, the Central Office and the State Council issued the Measures for the Administration of Office Rooms of Party and Government Organs and the revised Measures for the Administration of Official Cars of Party and Government Organs, and many new measures to regulate the use of houses and cars by public authorities attracted attention.

　　Experts said that on the occasion of the fifth anniversary of the implementation of the "Eight Regulations", the central government’s measures to rectify "houses" and "cars" were also targeted, and institutionalized and overweight anti-four winds.

　　[Office space]

　　— — The first internal party regulation regulating the office space of party and government organs

　　Regarding the management of office space of party and government organs, the reporter combed that before the "Administrative Measures for Office Space of Party and Government Organs", the relevant management regulations at the national level were relatively scattered. For example, in 2014, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the Standards for the Construction of Office Buildings for Party and Government Organs, and this year, the State Council also promulgated and implemented the Regulations on the Administration of Building Buildings, Halls and Rooms for Government Organs and Groups.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the State Organs Administration Bureau, the Measures for the Administration of Office Rooms for Party and Government Organs issued by the two offices this time is the first internal party regulation in China that uniformly regulates the management of office rooms for party and government organs at all levels at the national level. The new regulations are intended to solve six outstanding problems in the current office rooms, such as unclear responsibilities, difficulties in adjustment and excessive construction.

　　Since it is a "management method", the new regulations introduced this time focus more on the "management" of office space. The new regulations do not give the standards for the renewal of office space for party and government organs, but Article 10 of the new regulations makes it clear that the allocation of office space for party and government organs should strictly implement relevant standards and strictly check the area. Specifically, the National Development and Reform Commission is required to work with the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Finance to formulate and improve the standards for the construction of office buildings for party and government organs, and implement dynamic adjustment of the standards.

　　For supervision, the new regulations say that it is necessary to establish and improve the inspection and assessment system for office buildings of party and government organs. The inspection results of office buildings are used as the basis for management supervision, selection and appointment of cadres. The discipline inspection and supervision organs shall promptly accept the clues of office space management cases reported by the masses and transferred by relevant departments, and seriously investigate and deal with violations of discipline.

　　Zhongxin.com reporter Jin Shuo photo

　　— — The office advocates the design of usable partitions such as large-bay meeting rooms.

　　For the management of office buildings, including where the money of the house comes from, how to use and maintain the house, how to deal with illegal buildings, etc., this new regulation can be described as clear requirements and strict restrictions.

　　For example, the new regulations make it clear that the funds needed for the allocation of office buildings of party and government organs should be arranged through the government budget, and no sponsorship or donation in any form, no fund-raising or apportionment in any form, no loan from any other unit, no advance payment from the construction unit, and no misappropriation of various special funds is allowed.

　　In terms of office design, the new regulations put forward some suggestions. For example, if the office of the staff of the party and government organs has the conditions, it should be in the form of a large studio to improve the utilization rate of office space. Conference rooms, reception rooms and other service rooms can adopt detachable partition design to improve the flexibility of space use.

　　How to arrange office space for leading cadres in different units at the same time? The new regulations are clear. If leading cadres work in different units at the same time, they should arrange an office space in the main unit; If the main employer is far away from the part-time employer and often works in the part-time employer, after strict examination and approval, the part-time employer can arrange another office space smaller than the standard area, and vacate the office space arranged by the part-time employer within 2 months after being relieved of the part-time job.

　　In addition to the problem of part-time leadership, the new regulations require that "the user should take back his office space within one month after handling the transfer or retirement procedures."

　　[Official vehicle]

　　— — Why introduce new regulations on "cars"?

　　To observe the Administrative Measures for Official Cars of Party and Government Organs issued this time, we need to briefly review the historical evolution of bus reform in China. The bus reform in China has been going on for more than 20 years since 1994, when the Central Office and the State Council issued the Regulations on the Administration of the Equipping and Use of Vehicles by Party and Government Organs.

　　Over the past 20 years, the standards for the use of buses in party and government organs have been changed and adjusted many times. During this period, a more important adjustment was made in 2011, when the Central Office and the State Council issued the Administrative Measures for the Use of Official Vehicles for Party and Government Organs, which clearly divided official vehicles into general official vehicles and law enforcement duty vehicles. "The establishment of general official vehicles for central and state organs should not exceed one for every 20 people" and "The exhaust capacity of general official vehicles should be below 1.8 liters (inclusive) and the price should be within 180,000 yuan".

　　In July 2014, the "Reform Plan for Official Car System of Central and State Organs" was promulgated, and the plan was clear: cancel general official cars, provide appropriate transportation subsidies, and the reform began from the central and state organs.

　　After the promulgation of the new regulations on buses in the two offices, the 2011 Administrative Measures for the Equipment and Use of Official Vehicles by Party and Government Organs was abolished. The relevant person in charge of the State Organs Administration Bureau explained that the revised official vehicle management measures focus on the full implementation of official vehicle preparation and standard management, strengthen the whole process management of equipment, use and disposal, and strive to build a new official vehicle management system to ensure its effectiveness and practicality.

　　Judging from the definition of buses, the new regulations refine the scope of buses, including confidential communication vehicles, emergency support vehicles, law enforcement duty vehicles, special professional and technical vehicles and other official vehicles equipped according to regulations. The new regulations have defined clear standards for all types of buses.

　　Reporter Zhang Bin photo "/>

　　China News Service reporter Zhang Bin photo

　　— — "Match" and "Use" of Bus

　　In the future, how to "match" and "use" buses? As mentioned above, this new bus management regulation gives a clear upper limit to the price and displacement of various types of buses.

　　For example, confidential communication vehicles and law enforcement duty vehicles are equipped with cars or other small buses with a price of less than 120,000 yuan and a displacement of less than 1.6 liters (inclusive).

　　Law enforcement duty vehicles can be adjusted to cars or other small buses with a price of less than 180,000 yuan and a displacement of 1.8 liters (inclusive) according to the needs of work. Due to special circumstances, other small buses, medium buses or large buses with a price of less than 250,000 yuan and a displacement of less than 3.0 liters (inclusive) can be properly equipped. If the official vehicle is equipped with a new energy car, the price shall not exceed 180,000 yuan.

　　In addition to these clear restrictions on car use, this new regulation clarifies a number of "bus principles". For example, party and government organs are not equipped with off-road vehicles in principle; Off-road vehicles shall not be used as fixed vehicles for leading cadres; Official vehicles with a service life of more than 8 years can be updated and so on.

　　For the emission reduction of domestic cars and buses, the new regulations also clarify that party and government organs should be equipped with domestic cars, take the lead in using new energy vehicles, and gradually expand the proportion of new energy vehicles in accordance with regulations.

　　In view of bus management, the relevant person in charge of the State Organs Administration Bureau also said in his interpretation that all regions are required to establish a service platform for official vehicles in light of the actual situation, and all kinds of official vehicles should be included in the platform management, and they should be used in a coordinated manner, and satellite positioning systems should be installed through information means to monitor the running track of vehicles in real time and make online statistics on mileage, expenses and other information to achieve seamless supervision.

　　[Expert opinion]

　　— — Institutionalization plus code against "four winds"

　　It is worth mentioning that the time when the central government issued a document to standardize office buildings and official vehicles coincides with the fifth anniversary of the implementation of the "eight regulations" of the central government. In the view of Wang Yukai, a professor at the National School of Administration, this special time node to rectify the "houses" and "cars" under public power is a new measure of institutionalizing and overweight against "four winds".

　　In an interview with Zhongxin.com, Wang Yukai said that regarding the use of houses and cars, this is a prominent area of the "four winds" issue, and there are many public opinions. Previously, there were many regulations on office houses and official cars, but new problems and new signs appeared constantly, and it is urgent to refine the implementation standards and clarify accountability measures in a targeted manner.

　　"For example, how to vacate the office space that exceeds the standard and how to use the extra area, if there is no clear requirement, it will cause ‘ There are policies above and countermeasures below ’ Various tricks to circumvent the policy began to appear. For another example, after the cancellation of general official vehicles, other types of buses such as communication security will be used, why, and what standards are there. If there is no clear stipulation, someone will call ‘ Edge ball ’ , resulting in a new private use of disguised buses. "

　　Wang Yukai said, on the one hand, in the construction of work style, measures and supervision should not be vague, and there must be both framework standards and implementation rules, and accountability and punishment; On the other hand, the construction of work style can’t be accomplished overnight, and new measures should be taken to solve new problems. The two documents released this time are "four winds’s new tricks" in the field of managing office buildings and official vehicles in recent years. (End)

Recently, American heavyweight rapper Snoop Dogg continued to make fun of US President Trump in his new MV《Lavender. In the MV, Snoop shot a clown dressed as Trump in the forehead with a simulation gun in his hand.

However, on the evening of March 15, local time, Trump tweeted and officially joined the Diss war in the rap circle, saying what would happen if it was Obama? Your career will collapse! And add "prison time" at the end!

Since the beginning of the general election, there has been a constant storm. When there is nothing to do, he tweeted (Weibo) diss about others. From the beginning of his campaign with Hillary, the entire American entertainment circle stood on Hillary’s side. After taking the lead, Trump even openly tore each other up with the stars.

When Trump won the general election, lady gaga threatened: "I cried my false eyelashes", posted "God bless America" on Twitter, and then ran to the Trump building to hold a sign to protest.

Trump hardly invited stars to sit in the town before the inauguration ceremony. It is necessary to know that every president must hold an inauguration ceremony when he takes office. This is also a sign of becoming a president. Stars have always come to help. It is not a problem for Trump to release money. As long as he can invite stars, he is willing to pay any price. In the end, the first-line celebrities declined one after another.

On the first day in office, it seems that women around the world have been offended. 2.5 million people took to the streets to protest. Madonna, Fruit Sister, Emma, Scarlett and other actresses came to support them, just like Hollywood’s collective dispatch.

Just after the opening ceremony of the Oscar, the host insinuated the president, and the host Jimmy said, "Tonight is the most shining night, after all, everything tonight will appear in his Twitter content."

Jimmy also "provoked" Trump in public. He said that we had awarded the prize for two hours, and Trump didn’t send a tweet. We were a little worried about him. Immediately, he took out his mobile phone and sent a tweet and circled Trump: "Hey, @realDonaldTrump (Trump Twitter account), are you awake?"

However, the Oscar ceremony didn’t live up to expectations at all. There were a series of oolong incidents that day, and Trump showed a smug smile. Later, in an interview with the media, he bluntly criticized this Oscar ceremony for "putting too much emphasis on politics, but not even doing the basic skills well."

At the previous Golden Globe Awards Ceremony, Meryl Streep, who won the Lifetime Achievement Award, criticized Trump for insulting disabled journalists in her speech. The whole speech was sharp and eloquent. Then, in a rage, Trump issued three statements saying that Mei Yi was "the most acclaimed actress".

Meryl Streep is the most overrated actress in Hollywood. Although she didn’t know me, she attacked me at the Golden Globe last night. )

(She modified a story 16 years ago, in order to make me look bad, and then it was an untrustworthy media. )

She is Hillary’s apple polisher. For the hundredth time, I didn’t mock a disabled reporter. )

On the whole, the president seems to be in trouble with the entertainment industry. Hollywood stars and European and American singers take turns to publicly diss him. He seems to pay close attention to the entertainment circle, and it is quite cute to fight back when nothing happens.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Guoli, Mei Changwei People’s Daily reporter Yu Jianbin, Gu Yekai

　　Space, the territory of human dreams, is vast and deep.

　　This is an extremely shocking experience: looking at the earth from 343 kilometers away, the earth is well-defined and the coastline is clear and long, and the snowy sky on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau seems within reach;

　　This is a magnificent journey: one person, two people, three people … … The expedition of a few people is better than a thousand troops on the battlefield, and every time it marks the new height of Chinese’s exploration of the unknown;

　　This is a group of heroes who have been tempered: in the history of the Chinese nation’s endeavor, the flying warriors’ inquiry into the sky is undoubtedly one of the most wonderful pages. Today, they are writing a new chapter of Xinhua in the new era.

　　They are the heroic group of China astronauts.

　　On October 15th, 2003, astronaut Yang Liwei, who carried out China’s first manned space mission, waved before boarding the cabin. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Gangshe

　　"Every inquiry into space is the beginning of the next exploration."

　　This is the glory of all astronauts.

　　July 28, 2017, Bayi Building. With bright eyes, solemn expression and tall and straight posture, Jing Haipeng, a 51-year-old astronaut, swaggered onto the front desk, and the shiny "August 1st Medal" clung to his chest, which made him feel surging after three times in space — — This is not only the highest honor awarded to the best soldiers, but also the highest merit awarded to the bravest soldiers by the great motherland.

　　The footsteps of China astronauts, accompanied by the drum beat of the country’s strengthening, are taking a new direction at the speed of "world attention" — —

　　At 8: 07 on June 26th, 2013, Nie Haisheng, Zhang Xiaoguang and Wang Yaping successfully completed the first applied flight of China’s manned space flight. Wang Yaping stood on the "highest platform", a 40-minute space science class, sowing the seeds of science and dreams in the hearts of millions of teenagers;

　　At 13: 59 on November 18th, 2016, Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong completed their 33-day stay in space, which laid a more solid foundation for the subsequent construction and operation of China Space Station.

　　The two flights in this short period of three years, the flight time is more than twice of the previous total, and the scientific experiments and technical experiments are more than the previous total.

　　Time and again, the pace of China’s flying leaves behind the eternal memory of the nation. Chinese came to space and has the confidence and ability to fly higher and further — —

　　At 6: 23 on October 16, 2003, Yang Liwei flew around the earth for 14 times and nearly 600,000 kilometers in 21 hours and 23 minutes in Shenzhou 5 spacecraft, and carved the number belonging to Chinese in the long journey of "walking out of the cradle of the earth". After just two years, Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng carried out the Shenzhou VI mission with much higher risk and difficulty coefficient, realizing a major leap from "one person for one day" to "many people for many days";

　　At 16: 41 on September 27th, 2008, with the close cooperation of Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng, Zhai Zhigang completed his first extravehicular walk in space, realizing the first direct handshake between Chinese and the universe in a space orbit of 343 kilometers, adding a touch of five-star red flag to the vast space.

　　On June 16th, 2012, the Shenzhou-9 astronaut’s expedition ceremony was held in Wentian Pavilion, the astronaut apartment of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Astronauts Jing Haipeng, Liu Wang and Liu Yang (from right to left) waved to the farewell crowd. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Gangshe

　　At 17: 04 on June 18th, 2012, Jing Haipeng, Liu Wang and Liu Yang "floated" into Tiangong-1, and from then on, space became a real "China House". For the first time, hand-controlled rendezvous and docking, Liu Wang won the world applause with China precision of less than 7 minutes and an error of 18 mm & HELIP; …

　　During the 13 years from Shenzhou 5 to Shenzhou XI, China has become the third country in the world to independently master the technology of manned space shuttle, space extravehicular, rendezvous and docking.

　　"Every inquiry into space is the beginning of the next exploration." Take a good new journey into space in the new era, and this lofty ambition has always stirred in the hearts of astronauts.

　　"How high you fly, how high Chinese’s head can be."

　　Sometimes, dreams come quietly in an instant.

　　In 2003, when Yang Liwei flew into space, two young pilots were in different places and watched the moment when the rocket took off on TV. Chen Dong, 25, thought, "When can I fly into space like Yang Liwei and fly higher for my motherland?" Wang Yaping, 23, looked at the brilliant tail flame of the rocket, and a thought flashed in his mind: "China already has a male astronaut. When will there be a female astronaut?"

　　Hey! When the fairing was opened, the right porthole of Shenzhou XI spacecraft lit up, and the magnificent space once again amazed Jing Haipeng. A "cool!" Shouted out the shock of Chen Dong’s first sight of the blue planet, and also shouted out his hearty realization of his dream of flying.

　　After returning from the flight, some children asked Wang Yaping curiously, "Do you dream in space?" She smiled and replied, "In space, whether I dream or not, I am already in my own dream."

　　Every astronaut knows that flying dreams are not just his own dreams.

　　Manned spaceflight project is a grand systematic project. Every time there is a manned flight, more than 100,000 technicians unite and cooperate with each other like gears, and lift the heroes to the sky. Sun Jiadong, the founder of "two bombs and one satellite", described: "Without the collective strength, individuals will accomplish nothing."

　　Liu Yang told a short story that moved her. There is an escape chute for emergency evacuation on the launch tower, which is 52 meters high. Astronauts will train before performing the mission, and technicians will test it in advance. A young female space instructor told Liu Yang that when she tried to jump, she saw it was dark and her legs were shaking, but she was very happy when she thought it was a "sandbag" for astronauts.

　　"In space, the gravity of the earth becomes very small, but the gravity of the motherland is getting heavier and heavier." Astronauts have a common feeling: every time they fly over the motherland, their hearts will accelerate, they will involuntarily stare at the territory of the motherland, and they can’t help but want to touch it through the porthole, and they will burst into tears every time.

　　Fei Junlong said to his foreign counterparts, "You can share my happiness, but you can’t share my pride. Because behind me, there is a strong motherland and more than 1.3 billion people standing! "

　　There is a scene that Yang Liwei will never forget. In 2004, when he was visiting new york, he was invited to attend an activity of overseas Chinese. An old overseas Chinese, who is nearly eighty years old, took his hand, his tone was trembling, and his face was full of tears: "How high you fly, how high Chinese’s head can be!"

　　Liu Yang treasures a photo. In October 2012, she attended the 60th anniversary celebration of Beihang University. A retired female professor pushed her way through the crowd and took a photo with her. In May of the following year, when she came here again to talk with the teachers and students of the middle school attached to the school, a little boy handed her an envelope and said, "This is from my grandmother. I want to be an astronaut when I grow up." Liu Yang opened it and found a photo taken with the retired female professor last year. On the back, it read: Salute to those who have made contributions to the space industry!

　　Crossing the "ladder of heaven" has created a record of zero elimination rate in training, which is unique in the world aerospace industry.

　　On January 5, 1998, 14 carefully selected pilots from more than 1,500 outstanding air force pilots gathered in Beijing Aerospace City to become the first astronauts in China. They solemnly swore in the face of the five-star red flag: "I am willing to fight for the manned space cause for life!"

　　On this day, the China People’s Liberation Army Astronaut Brigade was born.

　　Since April 12, 1961, Soviet astronaut Gagarin soared into the sky, and human beings have carried out hundreds of manned space flights, with hundreds of people going into space. In the face of the unpredictable flying journey, we need to catch up on the ground.

　　Beijing Aerospace City, the doorpost of the apartment of the Astronaut Brigade is engraved with the team motto of "Cherish lofty honor and March into deeper space", witnessing the transformation of pilots to astronauts and the leap from the sky to space. The difference between sky and space is vividly called "the ladder of heaven" by Soviet astronaut Leonov.

　　When the 14 first astronauts entered the astronaut brigade, the youngest was 30 years old. After working for more than 10 years, books have been put on hold for more than 10 years. It is undoubtedly a severe test for everyone to suddenly pick up books and become a student. Therefore, it is also called "the first level to ascend to heaven". An old professor who came to class said, "It really stumbles me to finish teaching a year’s advanced mathematics course in three months."

　　On May 22nd, 2013, astronauts Wang Yaping (middle), Nie Haisheng (right) and Zhang Xiaoguang conducted space teaching training in the simulated Tiangong-1 complex. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Zhu Jiutong)

　　When Wang Yaping participated in the astronaut selection, he asked Yang Liwei, what is the most difficult thing to become an astronaut? Yang Liwei answered two words: "study." When she joined the astronaut brigade, she really realized the weight of the word "learning".

　　As a result, the astronauts returned to the classroom, taking classes and training during the day, reviewing and previewing at night, and the astronaut apartment became a "city that never sleeps".

　　Space environment adaptability training is the second hurdle, which includes many arduous trainings. Take the "overweight endurance" training as an example. When the spacecraft returns to Earth, people have to bear the pressure of several times their own weight, which can easily cause people’s breathing to be extremely difficult or stop, leading to loss of will, black vision and even direct life-threatening.

　　Liu Yang once said: "Although space has opened its affectionate arms to women, it has never been partial." When she first started the overweight training of centrifuges, in just a few tens of seconds, the load of six G’s had made her legs weak and exhausted like running 10,000 meters.

　　In a high-speed rotating centrifuge, ordinary people can only bear 3 to 4 g of gravity acceleration, but astronauts have to bear 8 times of gravity acceleration for 40 seconds. During the training, their facial features were squeezed and deformed, tears flew out unconsciously, their chests were extremely depressed, it was very difficult to breathe, and their arms could not be lifted. After watching it, the mother of an astronaut kept waving her hand while crying and said, "No, no!"

　　When doing this kind of training, astronauts have a red button at hand. Once they can’t stand it, they can immediately press the red button and ask for a pause. But for 20 years, no one has pressed this red button.

　　In space flight, every step and detail of the astronauts is directly related to the success or failure of the mission. The flight manual is a treasure trove of astronauts’ missions in space, and all instructions are collected in nine thick manuals with millions of words. In flight program training, their notes are stacked higher than the table, and tens of thousands of instructions become habitual actions and muscle memory. Everyone can operate the whole process accurately with their eyes closed.

　　In the end, after strict examination and evaluation, two batches of 21 astronauts successfully passed the examination, all of whom have the ability to independently carry out manned space missions, creating a record of zero elimination rate in astronaut training in the world, which is unique in the world aerospace industry.

　　"How can there be luck and miracles!" Facing the task, astronauts are always preparing for war.

　　After the Shenzhou-10 mission, Wang Yaping didn’t know until he returned to Earth that just over 40 minutes of teaching in space attracted great attention all over the world.

　　Teaching in space is a highlight of the Ten Tasks of God. It’s hard for people to stand still in weightlessness. If we have to teach, experiment and shoot, it’s a thousand times harder than the ground. Nie Haisheng, Zhang Xiaoguang and Wang Yaping have been training on the ground for more than 200 hours.

　　In the water polo experiment in space teaching, the water polo made by Wang Yaping is round and big, which is particularly beautiful. Seeing that Wang Yaping continued to inject water into the swaying water polo, the heart of the ground support team was in the throats. When the perfect water polo was presented to everyone, everyone woke up and said excitedly, "This girl has definitely done her homework. She wants to surprise us!" "

　　Wang Yaping did his homework. The most difficult thing to do in space is the water polo experiment. If the movement is light and heavy, and the amount of water is too small, it may lead to the rupture of the water film. Every time he failed to do an experiment on the ground, Wang Yaping and his teammates scrutinized the reasons and kept trying to find out the tricks.

　　Hand-controlled rendezvous and docking is a very difficult space technology, which is called "space needle piercing", and puts forward high requirements for astronauts’ psychological stability, rapid response, accurate judgment and precise control. The world’s space powers will inevitably fail several times.

　　In order to master the "needle piercing" technology and ensure a 100% success rate, Liu Wang has devoted a lot of effort and sweat. During the training, Liu Wang insisted on being strict with himself with the highest standards. He also offered to extend the handle delay setting from 1 second to 2 seconds to improve the difficulty of operation control. More than 1500 trainings on the ground finally brought a success in space.

　　"How can there be luck and miracles!" Zhang Xiaoguang, who spent 15 years waiting for a 15-day space trip, said that astronauts are always selecting and preparing for the task.

　　"No matter ‘ Principal part ’ Or ‘ Backup ’ It is the duty of astronauts. "

　　Beijing Aerospace City, an empty simulator building, Deng Qingming in the spotlight looks calm — — For 20 years, he has never appeared in the spotlight.

　　"I am astronaut Deng Qingming. I am the only astronaut in the current astronaut brigade who has not performed flying missions and is still training. In the past 20 years, I have been selected into the task echelon three times and missed Feitian three times. To prepare for flying, I felt bored, bored and tired, but I never gave up. No matter ‘ Principal part ’ Or ‘ Backup ’ It is the duty of astronauts. " Deng Qingming’s voice is not big, but his tone is very firm.

　　All the 21 astronauts who have passed strict training are capable of carrying out space missions. However, due to the constraints of task density and conditions, it is impossible for everyone to have the opportunity to fly, and only the candidates can be determined according to the comprehensive evaluation results. Often, the difference between the first place and the last place is very small, as small as one or two points, or even just a few points. When the Shenzhou VII astronauts were selected, Liu Wang was 0.005 points short.

　　Most astronauts have been "backup", and some have even done it more than once. Zhai Zhigang was a "backup" at Shenwu, and he passed Feitian once again at Shenwu, but he stood behind his comrades-in-arms twice and smiled and went out for them. When the Shenzhou VII mission was selected, Chen Quan was defeated by a narrow margin. He said, "I will try my best to be a good ‘ Backup ’ Let the comrades fly higher and more practical in the sky. "

　　The day before the launch of the Shenzhou XI mission, it was decided that the final candidates for flying were Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong, and Deng Qingming was still a "backup". This is the closest to my dream, once again stopping in front of the launch tower. When it was Deng Qingming’s turn to speak, he paused for a moment, turned to Jing Haipeng, hugged him tightly and said, "Haipeng, congratulations!" Jing Haipeng also said with deep affection, "Thank you!" Within a few minutes, the whole pavilion hall was silent, and many people present shed tears.

　　After the successful return of Shenzhou XI, the leader of the manned spaceflight project said to Deng Qingming: "You have completed this mission together with the Shenzhou XI crew. The success of the mission is your success, and the performance of the astronauts in the sky is your performance." Hearing the word "common", Deng Qingming shed tears with excitement.

　　March 13th, 2014, an ordinary day, was written into the history of China’s space flight because of the suspension of five astronauts.

　　Wu Jie, Li Qinglong, Chen Quan, Zhao Chuandong and Pan Zhanchun are the first astronauts in China. For more than ten years, they have been repeating "preparing for the expedition" day after day, accepting the selection of the motherland again and again, and missed flying again and again. Because they exceeded the golden flight period, they never had the opportunity to go to space for their motherland, but they still resolutely obeyed the organizational arrangements and retired from the active astronaut team as they did not hesitate to participate in the selection.

　　Stroking the astronaut medal, they are over half a year old, and it is still difficult to hold back the tears in their eyes.

　　Together with the glory of flying, their waiting constitutes the heaviest page in China’s space history.

　　"Flying is the mission, and space is the battlefield. No matter how difficult and dangerous it is, we can’t shake our determination to fight in space."

　　The desert in northwest China has given birth to Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, China’s space industry.

　　In November 2001, astronauts came here for the first time and stepped into the spiritual holy land of astronauts — — Dongfeng revolutionary martyrs cemetery. This immortal array of marshals, generals and soldiers deeply shocked them. Since then, before each mission, astronauts will come to pay tribute to more than 700 heroes who have devoted themselves to the great cause of space.

　　Manned spaceflight is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world. Twenty-seven people were killed while performing tasks and training.

　　The year 2003 was an eventful year in the world space history. At this time, China astronauts are preparing for the first manned mission. Worried about the impact of the haze of successive failures in world space, a symposium called astronauts to communicate. Unexpectedly, the symposium became an invitation to war. The astronauts’ ideas are surprisingly consistent: "Flying is the mission, and space is the battlefield. No matter how big the difficulties and dangers are, we can’t shake our determination to fight in space!"

　　At 9: 00 on October 15th, 2003, the Long March II F rocket escorted the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft into the sky. When they rose to the height of thirty or forty kilometers, the rockets and spacecraft suddenly began to vibrate sharply, resonating with the human body. Yang Liwei’s eyes were dark and he felt that his internal organs seemed to be broken and unbearable. After the resonance lasted for 26 seconds, it finally eased slowly. Yang Liwei, like a heavy burden, is reborn.

　　Later, someone commented: 26 seconds, which witnessed the China astronauts’ bravery and devotion to their country.

　　When Zhai Zhigang poked his head out and opened his eyes wide, he was instantly shocked by the desolation, vastness and depth of space. But he’s already a few minutes behind schedule. At the moment, the Shenzhou VII spacecraft is passing through the territory of the motherland at a speed of nearly 7.9 kilometers per second and a height of 343 kilometers. The time left for them to perform the extravehicular task is only ten minutes.

　　Just as Zhai Zhigang, who struggled to open the hatch, was preparing to leave the cabin, the alarm suddenly sounded: "The rail cabin is on fire! Orbital cabin fire! " The harsh voice kept repeating.

　　Spaceship fire is the most feared accident for astronauts all over the world in space. At the first time of the alarm, Liu Boming in the orbital module and Jing Haipeng in the return module checked all the equipment, and found no fire or short circuit. At this time, the orbital module is in a vacuum state, so it is impossible to have a fire. Although Zhai Zhigang and others judged that it was impossible to have a fire, the terrible alarm continued.

　　"Still can’t get out of the cabin?" Liu Boming asked.

　　"Out of the cabin!" Zhai Zhigang answered.

　　Zhai Zhigang climbed out of the hatch, and his whole body was in the bottomless universe. According to the plan, he will first send an experimental sample fixed outside the flight cabin back to the cabin, and then take out the five-star red flag from the cabin for spacewalk and extravehicular display. At the first time, Liu Boming handed out the national flag first, and Zhai Zhigang got the message, and the two temporarily changed the procedure for leaving the cabin.

　　At 16: 41 on September 27, 2008, Zhai Zhigang, dressed in Feitian extravehicular spacesuit, waved a bright five-star red flag and reported to the ground: "Shenzhou VII report: I have left the cabin and feel good. Shenzhou VII says hello to the people of the whole country and the whole world! Please rest assured that the motherland will resolutely complete the task! "

　　At that moment, people saw the five-star red flag flying outside the shenzhou spaceship cabin from the live TV broadcast, but they didn’t know the thrill at that time.

　　After returning to earth, someone asked, why should the national flag be displayed first? Zhai Zhigang said: "No matter what happens, we must complete the task and let the five-star red flag fly high in space." Liu Boming said: "Even if we can’t go back, we must let the five-star red flag fly in space."

　　Fortunately, after-the-fact analysis shows that the orbital module fire alarm is just a false alarm.

　　On September 28th, 2008, Shenzhou VII returned to Earth. Astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng (from left to right) left the cabin and waved to the on-site search and rescue personnel. Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Jianmin photo

　　Someone once asked Nie Haisheng, who flew twice, and Jing Haipeng, who dreamed three times: "You have realized your long-cherished dream of flying. Are you going to take such a big risk in the future?"

　　"Space flight is our career, but also our life. In order to fly, we are always ready to go into space as long as the motherland needs it!" Nie Haisheng replied.

　　As a representative of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Jing Haipeng provided such an "answer" to Chinese and foreign journalists: "I am very eager to go to space again, be a pioneer again and win another battle, so that the vast space can once again witness the absolute loyalty and infinite loyalty of a space warrior to the party and the people!"

　　In the new era of dreaming, "there is only one wish, that is, to fly into space again."

　　On October 18th, 2017, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was grandly opened in Beijing. "Building a space power" was written in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and China’s space industry stood at a new historical starting point.

　　The curtain of the space station era opens. In Beijing Aerospace City, astronauts began their first year of study and training on space station missions.

　　In the era of space station, it will be a daily work to assemble and maintain scientific equipment out of the cabin, and it will be an overload activity. Wang Yaping, who has been exercising upper limb strength and finger strength, didn’t have a specific concept at first. The experiment of the five-day extravehicular service completely subverted her imagination: after working for three or four hours in more than 120 kilograms of extravehicular service, her hands were shaking and she couldn’t hold the pen. In the future, the real extravehicular activity in space will be equivalent to seven or eight hours of continuous training on the ground.

　　Liu Boming, who is in his early fifties, looks leaner than when he took part in the Shenzhou VII mission 10 years ago. For the space station mission, he took the initiative to increase training and strengthen his physical fitness. Just after his physical examination, his lung capacity reached 6000 ml, which was better than when he was young.

　　"I am glad to catch up with the great times and have the honor to participate in the great cause." The motherland is getting stronger and stronger, and Liu Boming has personal feelings. Twenty years ago, China’s manned spaceflight project was just started. Twenty years later, foreign astronauts have chosen to come to China for life-saving training at sea. "Foreign astronauts still want to learn Chinese and want to join the astronaut team in China and exchange and cooperate with us."

　　"There is only one wish, that is, to fly into space again." Fei Junlong said.

　　In the new era, everyone has a dream.

recent days

Sundayuan Badui Cultural Relics in Heze City, Shandong Province

Discovering contiguous Han tombs

Among them, unearthed

Two Rare Pottery Beasts in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty

Become a new online celebrity.

Mengfan netizens

△ Source: Sure enough video

Meet for the first time, introduce yourself ~

Hello, wow

"I" is the first "cute" beast? ?

I have horns on my head.

I have wings behind me ~

(I sang it by accident)

Everyone praised me for being naive.

Experts also say that my wings are particularly unique.

Very rare in archaeological discoveries

Ahem, it’s my turn!

I am the second "cute" beast!

I am taller than the first one? ?

I also have a pair of wings and a long tail.

But they actually said I didn’t look very smart …? ?

These strange little things.

What is it?

According to archaeologists,

They haven’t met either.

"It may be that the craftsman played it himself when it was fired."

Why does this look more familiar?

After the image of two "cute" beasts was exposed,

Quickly attracted the attention of netizens.

Why is this look so familiar?

Bulbasaur, is that you?

Flying Koda Duck!

Boy! Pokemon!

"Toothless boy, is that you? Toothless boy"

Flying bean, platypus

Poké mon and Frog-faced Flying Dragon …..

What do you think of these cute animals?

Sign the name! Waiting online, it’s quite urgent

now

These two thousand-year-old "cute" beasts

I’m worried about what name to give.

Netizens have their brains wide open

Name two "cuties"

Some netizens said that,

Since you don’t look very smart.

Let’s just call it "Han Han"

It’s so cute. Let’s call it flying cute beast.

Since it can fly, it is better to call it a "flapping moth"? ?

Because of this peculiar shape.

The job of naming is really not that simple.

Let’s take a look at the names given by netizens.

↓ ↓ ↓

Before the "cute beast" has a name.

Continue to leave a message to name the cute beast ~

　　Producer: Lu Yi

　　The producer is gentle.

　　Planning Zheng Liheng

　　Editor Yang Xiaohan

　　Shandong vigorously strengthens patent protection and strictly enforces patent law. In 2016, the province’s intellectual property office system handled a total of 3,426 patent cases, including 479 patent dispute cases, an increase of 36.5% year-on-year; 2,947 cases of counterfeit patents were investigated, up 23.0% year-on-year, which effectively purified the market environment and created a good intellectual property protection environment for the in-depth development of "double innovation".

　　At the press conference held by the Provincial Government Information Office today, the Provincial Intellectual Property Office released ten typical cases of patent administrative protection in Shandong in 2016.

　　These ten typical cases are:

　　Requestor: Yin Hongzhu

　　Respondent: Zibo Dry Vacuum Pump Co., Ltd.

　　(Case) The claimant is the right holder of the invention patent involved in the case, and he found a screw rod rotor casting blank with a "gauge line" at the respondent. The "gauge line" is the trace left by the common casting process along the center line, and the patent involved is an improvement of the common casting process, and the improved casting process can be suitable for industrial production.

　　Shandong Intellectual Property Office transferred the burden of proof to the respondent according to the case, and finally made an administrative decision to identify the respondent’s infringement. Then, the respondent filed an administrative lawsuit with Jinan Intermediate People’s Court and Shandong Provincial High Court, and both courts upheld the decision of Shandong Provincial Intellectual Property Office.

　　(Comment) This case is a typical case in which the rules of evidence are reasonably used to determine the infringement by way of fact presumption. Based on the known facts and daily production experience, Shandong Intellectual Property Office can determine that the same product is likely to be manufactured by patented method, and appropriately transfer the burden of proof to the respondent, which reasonably reduces the burden of proof of the method patentee and strengthens the protection of non-new product method patents.

　　2. The case of invention patent rights protection of Lineng Water Heater Factory

　　Requestor: Zaozhuang Lineng Water Heater Factory.

　　Requested: Zaozhuang Parkson Heating Equipment Co., Ltd.

　　(Case) The claimant is the right holder of a heat exchanger invention patent, and he thinks that the products produced and sold by the respondent infringe his patent right, and the respondent argues that the technology it implements belongs to the existing technology.

　　Zaozhuang Intellectual Property Office thinks that the suspected infringing product is the same as the heat exchanger purchased by customer Zhou before the application date, and the suspected infringing product uses the existing technology, and rejects the processing request of the requester. The claimant refused to accept the request and filed an administrative lawsuit with the Jinan Intermediate People’s Court. The court upheld the administrative decision of Zaozhuang Intellectual Property Office.

　　(Comment) This case is a typical case that the patent right has not been infringed through the defense of the existing technology. Zaozhuang Intellectual Property Office, based on the prior art defense claim put forward by the respondent, determined that the alleged infringing products used the prior art, thus determining that the respondent did not infringe. The case provided relief from infringement disputes to the public who used the existing technology, and safeguarded the legitimate rights and interests of the public.

　　Requestor: Wang Chengjun

　　Respondent: Qingdao Meijialong Packaging Machinery Co., Ltd.

　　(Case) The claimant is the patentee of a binding machine, and one of the technical features recorded in his claim is that "after the binding is completed, the controller to which he belongs sends a feeding signal to the raw material conveying device", and the different understanding of this technical feature is the focus of the dispute in this case.

　　The technical feature of the patent involved is that the controller sends a signal to the motor, and the motor runs to realize feeding. The corresponding technical feature of suspected infringing products is that the controller sends a signal to the progressive die, and the switch of the pneumatic feeding device is controlled by the movement of the progressive die to realize feeding. Qingdao Intellectual Property Office believes that the two are equivalent technical features, so it has made a decision to identify infringement. The respondent refused to accept the decision and filed an administrative lawsuit with Qingdao Intermediate People’s Court, which upheld the original administrative decision.

　　Comment: This case is a typical case of correctly applying the principle of equivalence and reasonably determining the scope of patent protection. With basically the same technical means, basically the same functions are achieved, and basically the same effect is achieved, and the technical features that can be associated without creative labor are equivalent technical features for those skilled in the field.

　　4. The case of patent protection of vacuum collector tube invention

　　Requestor: Xu

　　Respondent: Huangming Solar Energy Co., Ltd.

　　(Case) The claimant is the right holder of a solar vacuum collector tube invention patent, and he found that the products produced and sold by the respondent were suspected of infringing his patent right. The focus of the dispute in this case is the different interpretations of the two technical terms "glass transition sealing tube" and "variable diameter curved transition tube" recorded in the claims.

　　Shandong Intellectual Property Office consulted the reexamination decision of the patent involved in the application review process, and held that the understanding of these two technical terms should be based on the interpretation of the reexamination decision, and accordingly determined that the respondent did not constitute infringement. The claimant refused to accept the decision, and filed an administrative lawsuit with Jinan Intermediate People’s Court and Shandong Provincial High Court successively. Both courts upheld the administrative decision of the Provincial Intellectual Property Office.

　　Comment: This case is a typical case of using "review files" to explain claims. When the patent claims, specifications and drawings can’t clearly define the specific concepts of technical terms related to its technical features, this case is determined by the records of the patent examination files involved, thus reasonably defining the scope of patent protection.

　　Requestor: Xu Jiaxiang

　　Respondent: Jinan Zhangli Machinery Co., Ltd.

　　(Case) The claimant is the right holder of the patent of "a kind of rotary stamping die striking head". He found that the product promised by the respondent was suspected of infringing his patent right at an exhibition in Binzhou, so he requested Binzhou Intellectual Property Office to handle it. After Binzhou Intellectual Property Office put the case on file, the case was handed over to Jinan Intellectual Property Office where the respondent was located after the exhibition because it was impossible to immediately determine whether the patent infringement was established during the exhibition. The Jinan Intellectual Property Office held that the technical features of the alleged infringing products completely fell within the scope of patent protection involved, and made a decision to determine the infringement.

　　(Comment) This case is a typical case of handling patent infringement disputes in exhibitions. This case has given full play to the advantages of cooperative law enforcement, formed a joint force of cross-regional patent protection, and safeguarded the legitimate rights and interests of patentees.

　　6. Zhang’s administrative mediation case of patent infringement dispute

　　Requestor: Zhang Lianyu

　　Respondent: a new building material company in Linyi and a building formwork company in Shandong.

　　(Case) The claimant is the patentee of a kind of building formwork fastener, and found that there are many infringing products on the market. Due to the unclear evidence and the sued subject, only two claimants were requested to deal with the infringement this time.

　　In the process of handling the case, Linyi Intellectual Property Office, in line with the principle of giving priority to mediation, considered that the case involved a wide range of infringement, and in order to effectively resolve disputes and protect innovation, it explained the law to the parties in line with the mediation idea of overall consideration and overall mediation, and finally reached a mediation agreement. Both respondents stopped the infringement, gave the claimant a one-time compensation, and promised not to infringe again in the future.

　　Comments Linyi is the "Plate Capital of China". With the prosperity of the wood industry, group patent infringements occur frequently. The successful mediation of this case has effectively improved the patent awareness of the enterprises suspected of infringement, promoted the standardized and healthy development of regional leading industries, and achieved good legal and social effects.

　　7. Anchor nail patent group infringement case

　　Requestor: Li Shuxiang

　　Respondent: Guangrao Haode Plastic Co., Ltd. and other 20 enterprises.

　　(Case) The claimant is the right holder of the design patent named "Anchor Nail". The claimant found that there were 20 enterprises in 10 cities in Shandong and Hebei producing and selling products suspected of infringement, and accordingly filed a handling request with the Intellectual Property Office of Shandong Province. After filing the case, the bureau handed over the cases from other provinces in accordance with the law enforcement cooperation agreement, and held centralized hearings and separate trials on a series of cases involving this province. Finally, three cases reached a mediation agreement in court, and the cases that failed to reach a mediation agreement were decided to be infringed.

　　(Comment) Patent group infringement cases involve many infringing subjects, are widely distributed and are harmful, which not only disturbs the market order and hinders technological innovation, but also causes economic losses to patentees and brings great difficulties to patentees’ rights protection. After the Shandong Intellectual Property Office filed the case, it gave full play to the advantages of administrative law enforcement and made full use of the cooperative law enforcement mechanism, which greatly reduced the claimant’s cost of safeguarding rights and effectively cracked down on patent infringement.

　　8. Shenzhen Automation Company Patent Rights Protection Case

　　Requestor: Shenzhen 618 Industrial Automation Equipment Co., Ltd.

　　Respondent: Qingdao Coler Robot Technology Co., Ltd.

　　(Case) The claimant is the right holder of the utility model patent of "an automatic screw locking device", and he found that the products produced and sold by the respondent company were suspected of infringing his patent right. The focus of the dispute in this case is the different interpretations of one of the technical features recorded in the patent claims involved, "the limit mechanism fixed on the fixed bench".

　　Qingdao Intellectual Property Office believes that the "limiting mechanism" of the patent involved is to make the workpiece in the specified position, while the accused infringing product is to visually collect the position of the workpiece. Both of them are neither the same nor the same in terms of means of utilization, functions and effects, and the products accused of infringement did not fall into the protection scope of the patents involved, so the administrative decision of non-infringement was made. The claimant refused to accept the decision and filed an administrative lawsuit with Qingdao Intermediate People’s Court, which upheld the administrative decision of Qingdao Intellectual Property Office.

　　(Comment) This case is a typical case of correctly explaining functional technical features and reasonably determining the scope of patent protection. For functional technical features, the content of the technical features shall be determined in combination with the specific implementation of the function described in the specification and the attached drawings and their equivalent implementations.

　　(Case) Jinan Intellectual Property Office received a report that the products produced and sold by Jinan Jin Dian Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd. were suspected of counterfeiting invention patents. The whistleblower showed the cooperation agreement signed with Wang, saying that his production and sales activities were approved by the patentee. The patentee approved the cooperation agreement, but said that the other party would not be allowed to use its patent after the expiration of the agreement.

　　Ji ‘nan Intellectual Property Office believes that the reported person’s behavior of marking the patent involved in the case on his product after the expiration of the cooperation agreement has constituted the act of counterfeiting patents, and made the following administrative punishment decision: order the reported person to immediately stop producing and selling the product marked with the patent number involved; The illegal income of 7110 yuan was confiscated and a fine of 3000 yuan was imposed. The punished person accepted the punishment and immediately paid the fine.

　　Comments: In the process of investigating this case, Jinan Intellectual Property Office found out the facts clearly, the evidence was conclusive and the procedure was rigorous, thus "closing the case", effectively safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the obligee, and playing a certain role in alerting other counterfeit patents and false propaganda.

　　10. Investigate and deal with the patent case of counterfeit "building smoke exhaust duct"

　　(Case) Weifang Intellectual Property Office received a report that the products used by Xinyou Real Estate Co., Ltd. in its residential building project were suspected of counterfeiting patents.

　　After investigation, Weifang Intellectual Property Office found out that the products used by the informants were purchased from Wang, who was the licensee of the patent licensing contract involved. The difference between the product of the reported person and the patented technology involved is that the check valve is different.

　　Weifang Intellectual Property Office thinks that the reported product is not patented, but it claims to be patented technology, so it constitutes an act of counterfeiting patents, and makes the following administrative punishment decisions: order the reported product to immediately stop using counterfeit patented products and immediately dismantle the installed ones; Wang was ordered to immediately stop producing and selling counterfeit patented products and confiscate his illegal income of 60,000 yuan.

　　(Comment) This case is a typical case of tracing back to the source of production in the process of investigating counterfeit patents. Weifang Intellectual Property Office traced the source to the producer and seller on the basis of identifying the reported counterfeit patent, and imposed severe administrative punishment, which effectively cracked down on patent counterfeiting and safeguarded the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.

The meaning and influence of lock order in transaction

In the field of financial transactions, "lock order" is a commonly used term, which refers to the fact that traders open the same number of positions in the opposite direction in order to hedge risks or lock profits while holding positions in one direction. This operation is particularly common in gold trading, because the price of gold fluctuates greatly, and traders need to adopt various strategies to manage risks.

The purpose of locking orders is to protect traders from adverse changes in the market. For example, if a trader holds a long position (that is, the expected price rises), but there is unfavorable news in the market that the price may fall, the trader can lock in the current profit or reduce the potential loss by opening a short position (that is, the expected price falls).

However, locking orders is not without risks. First of all, locking orders will increase the cost of traders’ positions, because they need to pay margin for two opposite positions. Secondly, if the market price continues to move in one direction, locking orders may cause traders to suffer losses in both positions. In addition, locking orders may also cause traders to miss the opportunity of market reversal because their funds are locked in two opposite positions.

In practice, traders should decide whether to use the lock-in strategy according to the specific situation of the market and their own risk tolerance. For novice traders, it is very important to understand the mechanism and potential risks of locking orders, which will help them make more informed decisions in the face of market fluctuations.

In short, lock orders are a common trading strategy, which can help traders protect their investments in an uncertain market environment. However, traders must be cautious when using lock orders to ensure that they fully understand the advantages and disadvantages of this strategy and can flexibly adjust their trading plans when necessary.