Rice circle is the abbreviation of fan circle, specifically refers to the fan group who likes a star or group. This word originated from fans calling themselves "rice", which means that fans are as indispensable as eating, but also have the meaning of aggregation and adhesion. Therefore, the circle composed of fans is called "rice circle".

The word "rice" may be derived from the transliteration of the English word "fans", which is composed of "fan" and "s" to indicate multiple fans. "Fans" is the plural form of the English word "fan", which comes from "fanatic" and is later simplified to "fan" and widely used. In English, "fan" refers to a person who is particularly interested in and supports a certain sport, art, entertainment or other activities, especially a supporter of an athlete, band, actor or other artist. "Fan" usually refers to a single supporter, while "fans" refers to multiple supporters.

In Chinese, "fan" is transliterated as "rice", so "rice circle" has become the abbreviation of fan circle. Fans form a group and share their interests and enthusiasm with each other, thus forming a circle, the so-called "rice circle".

The meaning of rice circle

Rice circle is the abbreviation of fan circle, specifically refers to the fan group who likes a star or group. In today’s society, the entertainment industry is booming, and the stars shine in the public’s field of vision like bright stars, attracting the attention and love of countless people. Fans’ love for stars is no longer just appreciation, but has gradually formed an organized and cohesive group, which is rice circles.

The origin of the word "rice circle" is quite interesting. Fans call themselves "rice", which means fans and fans. This title seems to give them a special identity, so that they can find a sense of belonging and identity among many people. The circle formed by these fans is called "rice circle", which is like an invisible big family, bringing together people from all corners of the country with common interests.

In this circle, fans have a strong emotional connection because of their love for stars. They will cheer for every performance of the star and be proud of every achievement of the star. Whether it is a wonderful performance on the stage or a little detail in life, it can become a topic that fans talk about. This kind of love is not only an appreciation of the talent and charm of stars, but also an emotional sustenance and pursuit.

For example, when a singer releases a new album, fans in the rice circle will buy and share it at the first time. They will carefully taste the lyrics and melody of each song and feel the emotions and stories that the singer wants to convey. When an actor plays a new film and television work, fans will actively promote it and recommend it to more people through various channels, hoping that more people can enjoy the wonderful performance of their idols.

In short, the formation of rice circles is a concentrated expression of fans’ love for stars, which provides a platform for fans to communicate and share, so that they can understand and support their favorite stars more deeply.

Characteristics of rice circles

The members of the rice circle are rich and diverse, including star diehard powder, passerby powder, illegitimate powder and black powder, etc., and the connotation is more complicated.

Die-hard fans, they are the most determined and fanatical group in the rice circle. Their love for idols goes deep into the bone marrow, and they will always support and follow them no matter whether they are at the peak or the trough. They will spend a lot of time and energy to collect all kinds of information about idols, including photos, videos, news reports and so on. They will go as far as Wan Li to attend idol concerts and face-to-face meetings, just to see idol’s figure and hear idol’s voice at close range. They will list, vote and criticize idols on social media, and do their best to maintain their image and reputation.

Passerby powder is relatively casual and gentle. They may have a good impression on a star because of a film and television work, a song or a variety show, but this affection is not as strong and lasting as die-hard fans. They may pay attention to the dynamics of stars, but they will not invest too much time and energy. Their support for the stars is more reflected in the occasional praise, comments and sharing.

Illegitimate flour and black flour are special in rice circles. In order to satisfy their own selfish desires, illegitimate powder does not hesitate to invade the privacy of stars, tracking and photographing their daily lives, which has brought great troubles and threats to stars. Black powder, for various reasons, maliciously attacks and discredits the stars, spreads false rumors and destroys the image and reputation of the stars.

The rice circle culture contains rich and varied contents, such as the internal rules of the fan group, special terms, the activity of playing the list, the gathering of activities, the purchase of surrounding products and other requirements in the circle.

There are strict rules within the fan group, which may include how to communicate with other fans, how to treat the negative news of idols, and how to participate in aid activities. Special terms are a major feature of rice circle culture, such as "life’s core monuments", "Wall Head", "Climbing the Wall", "Controlling Evaluation" and "Beating Vote". These terms can only be understood by people inside the rice circle, and they have become a unique password for communication among fans.

The activity of playing the list is one of the important indicators to measure the support of fans to idols. Fans will make a list of idol songs and film and television works through various music platforms and social media to improve the ranking and popularity of idols. Event gathering is an important way for fans to get together offline. They will gather together in important occasions such as idol concerts, face-to-face meetings and birthday parties to cheer for idols together. Buying peripheral products is also a way for fans to express their support. From posters and photo albums to various products endorsed by celebrities, fans will not hesitate to buy them to show their love for idols.

Fans spontaneously cheer, publicize and increase traffic for their idols in the rice circle. They will post a lot of content about idols on social media, including pictures, videos and texts, to attract more people’s attention. They will organize various online and offline publicity activities, such as street publicity and public welfare activities, to enhance the popularity and reputation of idols. They will also increase the traffic for idols in various ways, such as brushing the broadcast volume, brushing comments, etc., so as to make idols stand out in the highly competitive entertainment circle.

Organizational form of rice circles

Rice circles are mostly organized by star brokerage companies for fans who are stuck with their stars. In today’s highly commercialized entertainment industry, star brokerage companies are well aware of the power and value of fans. In order to better manage and guide fans, brokerage companies will take various measures to organize and operate rice circles.

With the development of the times, the entertainment circle gave birth to a new term "rice circle" in idolize, and a huge fan group with the psychology of "an old mother raising a son" appeared. The appearance of this psychological phenomenon is not accidental, it reflects the changes of social culture and people’s psychological needs.

In the fast-paced and high-pressure modern life, people are eager to find an emotional sustenance and spiritual comfort. For many fans, idols have become their ideal perfect images, bearing their dreams and hopes. They put their emotions into the support and care for idols, as if taking care of a child who needs care. This psychology of "an old mother raising a son" makes fans have a strong sense of responsibility and desire for protection. They are willing to pay everything for their idols, including time, money and energy.

The growth of idols is also the self-realization process of fans, who are the spokesmen of fans’ subjectivity and satisfy the viewers’ self-imagination. When idols shine on the stage and show excellent acting skills in film and television works, fans will feel extremely proud and satisfied, as if their efforts and contributions have been rewarded. The success of idols makes fans see the possibility of realizing their dreams and inspires them to pursue better themselves in their own lives.

At the same time, idols are also the objects in their desires, filling the vacancy of ideal partners. In real life, people may face all kinds of emotional deficiencies and dissatisfaction. The perfect image and charm of idols make fans find the characteristics of ideal partners in their imagination. They project their desire for love, friendship and affection on idols, and make up for their regrets in reality through their love for idols.

For example, a young girl may not meet a boy who excites her in life, but she finds the qualities of an ideal partner such as gentleness, handsomeness and talent in her idol. She will pin her longing for love on idols and satisfy her deep yearning for beautiful love by supporting idols.

Problems and influence of rice circles

The rice circle culture is not completely positive, but it also brings a series of problems and negative effects. In this era of information explosion, some bad phenomena of rice circles have gradually surfaced, which has aroused widespread concern and concern from all walks of life.

In order to maintain their idols, some fans are willing to be enemies with the whole world and attack each other, resulting in cyber violence. On social media, it is often seen that fans of different idols have a fierce battle of abuse because of some trivial things. They are violent and aggressive, and even personally attack and insult others. This kind of network violence not only hurts the feelings of others, but also destroys the harmony and civilization of the network environment.

In addition, the phenomenon of Yan value worship, money worship and comparison, cyber violence and hatred in rice circle culture has also aroused widespread concern in society. In rice circles, face value is often overemphasized, and some fans only value the appearance of idols, ignoring their inner qualities and talents. This kind of worship of Yan value easily leads to the distortion of values, which makes young people pursue the beauty of appearance excessively, while ignoring the inner cultivation and ability improvement.

Gold worship and comparison is also a prominent problem in rice circle culture. In order to support idols, some fans spend a lot of money to buy expensive peripheral products, attend expensive concerts and meetings. They compare with each other who spends more money on idols, which not only increases the financial burden of families, but also makes young people develop bad consumption habits and values.

Cyber violence is a big cancer in rice circle culture. In order to maintain the image of idols, some fans maliciously attack and harass people who criticize idols, and even disclose personal information of others, which has brought great troubles and threats to others’ lives. This kind of behavior not only violates laws and regulations, but also seriously infringes on the legitimate rights and interests of others.

Advocating hatred is also a serious problem in rice circle culture. Some fans spread hate speech on the internet because of their dissatisfaction with other idols or fan groups, inciting opposition among fans. This kind of behavior not only destroys the harmony and stability of society, but also has a bad influence on the mental health of teenagers.

These problems not only pollute the network ecological environment, but also affect the normal social order, especially the healthy growth of teenagers. Teenagers are in the critical period of forming their values, and they are easily influenced by bad factors in rice circle culture, which leads to wrong values and behavior patterns. For example, some teenagers neglect their studies for the sake of idolize, and even commit crimes.

In order to create a healthy, civilized and harmonious network environment, we need to strengthen the guidance and management of rice circle culture, standardize the behavior of fans and advocate rational idolize. At the same time, families and schools should also strengthen the education of teenagers, guide them to establish correct values and outlook on life, so that they can correctly treat the culture of stars and rice circles and avoid being adversely affected.

conclusion

To sum up, Fanquan is a group composed of fans, aiming to support and promote their favorite stars or groups. In this passionate and energetic group, fans express their love and support for idols in various ways.

However, with the continuous expansion and evolution of rice circle culture, it has also brought some negative effects. These negative effects not only affect the healthy development of the network environment, but also have a certain impact on the social order and the growth of teenagers.

We need to arouse the attention and reflection from all walks of life and discuss how to guide the development of rice circle culture in a positive and healthy direction. This requires the joint efforts of stars, brokerage companies, fans and all sectors of society. Stars should lead by example, set a good example and influence fans with their positive energy. Brokerage companies should strengthen the guidance and management of fans and standardize their behavior. Fans should also be rational, civilized and idolize, and respect the rights and feelings of others.

Only through the joint efforts of all parties, can we make rice circle culture a positive force and make contributions to social development and progress.

Source: Net letter Yangyuan

Editor: Han Jie, Yang Shuyu, Fu Mingkuo

Editor: Wang Zhiyu, Li Hui and Li Zhanying

Net letter Funing

Disclaimer: Ben WeChat official account enjoys the copyright of the original manuscript, and all media reprint this original micro-signal work, which needs to be marked from the micro-signal "Net Letter Funing".

Original title: "[Resist the chaos of" rice circles "] What are rice circles? Definition and characteristics of fan culture "

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　　CCTV News:The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which lasted more than three hours and more than 30,000 words, can be said to look at history, sum up achievements and plan the future. I believe that everyone has remembered the brand-new and important theoretical judgments such as Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s entering a new era, and also remembered new formulations such as the rural revitalization strategy and building the people’s army into a world-class army in an all-round way by the middle of this century. In this series of new expressions, some are brand-new expressions, and some are new formulations of existing expressions. Let’s simply sort them out for you.

　　First of all, a new era runs through the report of the 19th National Congress, and Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. This new era is an era of inheriting the past and carrying forward the future, and continuing to win great victories in Socialism with Chinese characteristics under the new historical conditions.

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era with new characteristics, and the main social contradiction has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development.

　　The report of the 19th National Congress also drew a blueprint for future development. From now until the middle of this century, we will build a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modernization power. The goal of socialist modernization has been further expanded from prosperity, democracy, civilization and harmony to prosperity, democracy, civilization, harmony and beauty, and the word "beauty" has been added. There is another word that has been changed, that is, a socialist modern power. Originally, the expression of this goal was a socialist modern country, and the difference between the word country and the power also reflected the ability and determination.

　

　　The new era, new features and new goals put forward new requirements. The report of the 19th National Congress pointed out that we must unswervingly uphold and improve the leadership of the Party in carrying out great struggles, advancing great undertakings and realizing great dreams. In the new era, among the fourteen adherences to uphold and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s basic strategy, the first and fourteenth ones are to uphold the Party’s leadership over all work and to strictly manage the Party in an all-round way. In the last part of the report, it is emphasized that the party should be strictly managed in an all-round way, the party’s ruling ability and leadership level should be continuously improved, and the general requirements for party building in the new era have been clarified.

　　This 30,000-word report can be said to clearly present the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s exploration and answers to the world. This is the Supreme Leader’s New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, which is the latest major theoretical innovation of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and also the action guide of the whole party and people.

After the reshuffle in 2023, domestic luxury pure electric cars are no longer simply wrestling with traditional luxury cars, but they are rapidly seizing the market share of traditional luxury cars. Weilai ET7 and Zhiji L7, two outstanding models, can be said to be the highest standards of C-class smart electric flagship models in the market, and can be called "New World Intelligent Driving and Control Flagship". So who is the strongest 7 Series, which is also a luxury pure electric car, the brand-new Zhiji L7 and Weilai ET7?

Weilai ET7: 42.8-516,000 yuan

The design of Weilai ET7 reflects the brand’s profound understanding of the future automobile aesthetics. The body lines are smooth and concise, outlining a dynamic and steady posture. The body size is 5101mm long, 1987mm wide, 1509mm high and the wheelbase is 3060mm, which not only gives ET7 spacious interior space, but also provides it with good driving stability. The integrated design of LED headlight group and front grille not only improves the lighting effect, but also enhances the recognition of vehicles. The three-dimensional lines on the side of the car and the streamlined design at the tail jointly create a dynamic and elegant visual effect.

The interior design of Weilai ET7 also shows the luxury concept of the brand. A large number of advanced materials are used in the car, such as Nappa advanced interior suit, which provides a soft and delicate touch. The seat design conforms to ergonomics, supports 18-way electric adjustment, and ensures the comfort of drivers and passengers. The rear seats are also designed with double independent seats, which support 14-way electric adjustment, and the upgrade of the flight headrest provides additional comfort.

In terms of technology configuration, ET7 is equipped with two 14.5-inch OLED high-definition display screens with 3K high-definition resolution, providing excellent visual experience for drivers and passengers. NIO Link multi-screen super conference system allows users to transfer the conference on NIO Phone to the car screen, and can connect up to 2 pairs of Bluetooth headsets for private calls. In addition, the enhanced version of 7.1.4 immersion sound system is equipped with up to 23 speakers at the same level, creating a theater-like auditory enjoyment for the car.

In terms of power, the car is equipped with a silicon carbide high-efficiency electric drive platform and comes standard with an intelligent dual-motor four-wheel drive system. The maximum power is 480kW, the maximum torque is 850N·m, and the 0-100km/h acceleration is only 3.8s s. It is equipped with two kinds of battery packs, 75kWh and 100kWh respectively, and the CLTC battery life is 530km and 675km respectively. The new car offers 5 normal driving modes +5 scene driving modes. At the same time, air suspension, ISS intelligent comfortable braking system and Weilai intelligent chassis still appear in the car.

In terms of tires, in order to achieve better performance, Weilai ET7 is also equipped with special tires for electric vehicles built by Goodyear for new energy vehicles, which can make the tires respond to the handling changes immediately and start and stop sensitively on both wet and dry roads. The design of the central rib for widening the tread of the special tire for electric vehicle makes it have a larger contact area, which can better cope with the strong torque output of electric vehicle, and its strong grip can realize instantaneous response, making the wet braking more agile.

Zhiji L7: 29.99—419,900 yuan

The exterior design of Zhiji L7 also shows the family design language of the brand. The enclosed front grille with exaggerated and sharp headlights on both sides and the large air intake at the lower enclosure bring high recognition. The body size is 5108/1960/1485mm, the wheelbase is 3100mm, and the drag coefficient is only 0.21Cd, which not only helps to improve the fuel economy of the vehicle, but also gives L7 smooth and dynamic body lines. The design of the rear of the car is well-defined. The penetrating taillights stretch the transverse visual width of the rear of the car, and the black rear enclosure and the design of diversion grooves on both sides further enhance the three-dimensional sense of the rear of the car. The hidden door handle and dynamic wheel hub design add a bit of fashion to the body.

The interior design of Zhiji L7 also embodies the combination of technology and comfort. The oversized "Quan Huafu Digital Cab Screen" is very eye-catching, with the screen ratio increased by 10%, and the rainy night mode is added to enhance the atmosphere. The brand-new semi-spoke steering wheel has a unique design, which provides a good grip and maneuverability. The seats in the car have been upgraded, the length of the rear seat cushion has been increased to 520mm, and it is equipped with electric adjustable leg rest, the back of the chair supports 25-35 adjustment, waist and shoulder massage and other functions, which greatly improves the driving experience. In terms of storage space, the front and rear door panels and armrest boxes of the new car have been upgraded, and a magnetic expansion dock has been added in the back row, which can magnetically hang lamps, tablets and other configurations, providing more convenience.

Zhiji L7 also performed well in intelligent driving. IMOS 2.7.0 system is equipped with NVIDIA Orin X chip, and its computing power is nearly 8 times higher than that of the old model. With the cooperation of lidar, the function of NOA (automatic assisted navigation and driving) in the city has been further upgraded. The first version of commuter mode will open nationwide public beta in the first quarter, and the advanced version of commuter mode will cover 100 cities nationwide during the year. In addition, there is a function of "one-button AI driving" to get on the bus, which provides more convenience for drivers.

In the power part, the new Zhiji L7 still uses the power of the current model. The maximum power of the single-motor rear-drive version of the new car is 340 HP, the official 0-100km/h acceleration time is 5.9s, and the CLTC pure electric cruising range is 708km. The maximum power of the dual-motor four-wheel drive model is 578Ps, the official 0-100km/h acceleration time is 3.87s, and the CLTC cruising range is 625km.

Weilai ET7 and Zhiji L7 have their own characteristics and advantages in appearance design, interior texture, technology configuration and intelligent driving. With its futuristic design, luxurious interior texture and advanced intelligent experience, Weilai ET7 attracts consumers who pursue high-end luxury experience. Zhiji L7 has won the favor of the market with its unique design, comfortable driving experience and intelligent interior design. For consumers, which model to choose depends more on individual car demand, brand preference and budget. Whether pursuing brand and performance, or paying attention to cost performance and innovative design, these two models have become options worthy of consideration in the market with their unique charm.

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Xingyue L adopts a modern and elegant design language, and its front face design shows a sense of power and movement. The front grille is decorated with a large area of chrome, showing a luxurious and exquisite style. On the whole, the design of Xingyue L is full of fashion sense and technology sense, which makes people feel its unique charm at a glance.

The body size of Xingyue L is 4770*1895*1689mm, the wheelbase is 2845mm, and the front and rear wheel tracks are 1610mm. The body lines are smooth, showing a dynamic profile. Xingyue L is equipped with 245/45 R20 tires and unique rims, which enhances the sporty atmosphere of the whole vehicle.

The interior design of Xingyue L takes luxury and technology as the theme, and the overall interior style is simple and exquisite. The leather steering wheel not only feels excellent, but also supports manual adjustment up and down and back and forth, so that the driver can adjust the appropriate position according to his personal needs. The 12.3-inch central control screen is one of the highlights of the interior, which integrates multimedia system, navigation, telephone, air conditioning, skylight and other functions, and supports voice recognition control. In addition, the front row and the rear row are equipped with two USB and Type-C interfaces, which meet the charging requirements of different devices. The front row is also equipped with a wireless charging function, which facilitates the charging of the mobile phone. In terms of seats, Xingyue L is made of imitation leather. The main driver’s seat has the functions of heating, ventilation, massage and 4-way lumbar support adjustment, while the co-pilot seat has the functions of heating and ventilation. The power seat memory function also covers the driver’s seat and the co-pilot seat, so that users can easily save and recall the parking space settings. The second row of seats can adjust the backrest and support proportional reclining, which improves the space flexibility. On the whole, the interior design of Xingyue L fully embodies the sense of technology and comfort, providing passengers with a luxurious and convenient driving space.

Xingyue L is equipped with a 2.0T 238 horsepower L4 engine with a maximum power of 175kW and a maximum torque of 350N·m, which is matched with an 8-speed automatic manual transmission. This engine provides a strong power output and a smooth driving experience for the vehicle.

The owner of car home said that the design of Xingyue L was impressive, especially the front part, which was quite individual and highly recognizable. The headlights are sharp, like a pair of sharp eyes, and they are full of momentum when driving on the road.

　　From behind the scenes to the stage, behind the fiery blockchain technology, another "feast" is surging. Speculation about digital currency’s "cutting leeks", issuing worthless "air coins", pyramid schemes and fraud under the banner of blockchain … Swindling in the name of blockchain is on the rise.

　　Putting on a "blockchain" coat to speculate on digital currency

　　Liu Peng, a citizen of Tianjin, began to contact and buy Bitcoin in 2014. After several rounds of market hype, he attracted retail investors to chase after high prices and "cut leeks". He said that buying digital currency is not so much an investment, but more often it is just a game of speculation and risk. "No matter whether you lose or win, there is only a chicken feather left in the end, and very few people really make money."

　　On October 25, each bitcoin that hovered around $8,000 for a long time suddenly exerted its strength, and broke through the $10,000 mark in one fell swoop on the 26th, with the highest increase exceeding 30%.

　　As of 12: 00 on November 18th, the total market value of Bitcoin exceeded US$ 154.5 billion, which is completely comparable to that of a well-known listed company. However, it is questioned that, except for the speculation caused by the skyrocketing and plunging, the practical application has not been seen for a long time.

　　Once again, there are coin issuing companies and coin circles from the media. Recently, some illegal coin issuing institutions are overseas and use social software to promote tokens. "They declared that’ digital currency is a blockchain’, which is actually a deliberate misinterpretation of blockchain technology." Experts said.

　　In view of the fact that the People’s Bank of China has issued legal digital currency, on November 13th, the central bank specifically denied rumors in official website. The People’s Bank of China has not issued legal digital currency, nor has it authorized any asset trading platform to trade. The People’s Bank of China began to study the legal digital currency in 2014, and it is still in the process of research and testing.

　　Blockchain has become a "signboard" for pyramid schemes.

　　The fiery blockchain technology has also revived some evil deeds in the name of blockchain and fraudulent pyramid schemes.

　　Guo Yuhang, chairman of China Blockchain Application Research Center, said that during his recent investigation in a central province, officials from the financial department of the province revealed that the local authorities had investigated and dealt with more than 40 illegal fund-raising cases under the banner of blockchain, and the most serious case involved more than 2 billion yuan.

　　Not long ago, a sports App that claimed to be "based on blockchain technology development" was investigated by the relevant departments of Changsha City, Hunan Province. The software is referred to as a "typical pyramid marketing model", which is the result of combining traditional marketing methods with new concepts such as "blockchain" and "great health".

　　Similar cases have been on the rise this year. Suzhou City, Yancheng City and other places in Jiangsu Province have cracked fraud cases in the name of blockchain. The police in Hengyang City, Hunan Province cracked a fraud case in May this year. The criminal gang used the blockchain as a gimmick to issue worthless "air coins" and raised Ethereum worth nearly 350 million yuan.

　　In the exposed cases of pyramid schemes and fund-raising fraud under the guise of blockchain, the characteristics of "pulling the head" are very obvious. They often take advantage of the psychology that the public is not familiar with the blockchain but has heard of Bitcoin’s "myth of making wealth", and put on a "fashionable" coat for illegal activities, promising low investment and high income, and the return on offline development is higher. Those who don’t know the truth are easily deceived.

　　Industry experts said that although the "air coin" may really use blockchain technology, its distribution purpose is too grand, such as "human health" and "reconstructing business model", which is almost impossible to achieve. Once the investors get involved and the funds accumulate to a considerable amount, the project issuer has a high probability of running away, and the investors lose all their money.

　　At present, many listed companies are interested in catching the blockchain express. According to statistics, among more than 3,000 A-share listed companies, more than 500 claim to be related to the blockchain, but less than 40 actually disclose the specific blockchain business content and it is true. The phenomenon of "rubbing hot spots" is very prominent.

　　Penetrating the fog and recognizing the essence

　　"Blockchain and Bitcoin can’t draw an equal sign, and obviously it is not the same as’ getting rich’." Many people in the industry emphasized to reporters that blockchain is an underlying technology, relying on which many digital currency such as Bitcoin were born, but it should not be confused.

　　Finding the truth needs to penetrate the fog. In addition to increasing the popularity of blockchain knowledge, so that the public can understand and identify MLM fraud in the cloak of "blockchain", it is more important that supervision should also keep pace with the times.

　　Experts pointed out that it is necessary to strengthen the application of supervision technology. Most MLM projects in the name of blockchain will spread and leave traces on the Internet frequently. With the help of existing financial technology supervision means, it is possible to find and investigate them in time.

　　Ma Tianyuan, a senior researcher at Huobi Group Research Institute, believes that blockchain is being widely integrated with the real economy and plays an active role in various fields such as the Internet of Things, intelligent manufacturing, and user credit reporting. Only by making good use of it can the potential be truly brought into play.

　　Xiao Lei, a financial analyst, warned that when the business model of blockchain application is not yet mature, it is necessary to prevent the development of blockchain technology from becoming a new capital "black hole" with policy support, and to prevent blind and follow-up investment.

　　CCTV News:On February 19th, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, State Administration of Market Supervision and National Medical Products Administration jointly released 15 typical cases of special actions to implement the "four strictest" requirements of food and drug safety. On the issues related to the "four strictest" special actions, the heads of the Fourth Procuratorate of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Law Enforcement Inspection Bureau of the State Administration of Market Supervision and the Policy and Regulation Department of National Medical Products Administration answered questions from reporters.

　　Question 1: Please tell us about the development of the "four strictest" special actions.

　　A: Food and drug safety is directly related to the people’s health and life safety, and embodies the most concerned, direct and realistic interests of the people. The CPC Central Committee has always attached great importance to it, and the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly made important instructions on strengthening food and drug safety. In order to thoroughly implement the "four strictest" requirements for food and drug safety supervision of the Supreme Leader General Secretary and promote the establishment of a sound food and drug safety governance system, from September 2019 to December 2020, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the State Administration of Markets and National Medical Products Administration jointly launched a special campaign to implement the "four strictest" requirements for food and drug safety. During this period, the national procuratorial organs, market supervision departments and drug supervision departments adjusted measures to local conditions, intensified cooperation and adopted various effective measures, and achieved positive results. According to preliminary statistics, the national market supervision department investigated and handled 284,800 cases involving food safety violations, fined 2.725 billion yuan, revoked 775 administrative licenses for food, and transferred 3,346 cases to public security organs; The drug regulatory authorities investigated and dealt with 107,700 illegal cases in the fields of drugs, cosmetics and medical devices, fined 1.84 billion yuan, ordered 2,041 enterprises to stop production and business, and transferred 1,306 cases to the public security organs, completing the annual inspection of all 37 vaccine production enterprises, effectively ensuring the supply of influenza vaccines; Procuratorial organs approved the arrest of 3,945 cases involving 7,298 people in food and drug safety crimes, and prosecuted 8,791 cases involving 17,066 people;It is suggested that the administrative law enforcement organs transfer 1369 criminal cases with 1499 people, and supervise the public security organs to file 731 cases with 810 people; 35,381 public interest litigation cases involving food and drug safety were filed, 30,800 pre-litigation cases were handled, and 1,683 public interest litigation cases were filed.

　　During the special action period, local market supervision departments and procuratorial organs actively explored the establishment of working mechanisms such as clue exchange of suspected criminal cases and cases damaging public interests, consultation of investigation and judgment, and coordination of public interest litigation, and made every effort to create a full-chain supervision and assistance mechanism in the field of food safety. Carry out in-depth investigation of food safety hazards, enhance food safety risk assessment and sampling inspection, and focus on strengthening regional and systematic food safety risk prevention and control. The joint procuratorial organs have strengthened the supervision of filing cases, effectively promoted the solution of problems such as cases that are not fixed, cases that are not established, and penalties instead of punishment, and promoted the effective implementation of the linkage mechanism between administrative law enforcement and criminal justice. National Medical Products Administration organized special inspection of drugs selected in national procurement and special sampling inspection of new drugs, comprehensively investigated blood products production enterprises, carried out special inspection of psychotropic drugs of category II, special treatment of high-value medical consumables, and supervision and inspection of key products such as aseptic and implantable medical devices, infants and special-purpose cosmetics. Adhere to the crackdown on chaos, organize and carry out special rectification such as Chinese herbal pieces, online sales of drugs, "cleaning the net" of medical devices, and "cleaning the net online and clearing the source offline" of cosmetics to protect the safety of people’s online consumption. Constantly improve the legal system of drug supervision, and promote the promulgation and implementation of the Regulations on Cosmetics Supervision and Management. The Regulations on Medical Device Supervision and Management were reviewed and approved by the the State Council executive meeting, and the Measures for the Administration of Drug Registration and the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Drug Production were promulgated and implemented, providing a strong legal guarantee for the implementation of drug safety.Procuratorial organs fully perform their legal supervision functions and severely crack down on crimes endangering food and drug safety according to law. The Supreme People’s Procuratorate supervised and guided a number of major and complicated cases, such as "beef with water injection" case and vaccine case, and promoted the handling of cases. A talent pool of economic crime prosecutors in the national procuratorial organs has been set up, giving full play to the leading and exemplary role of business experts. Provincial procuratorates have strengthened their guidance and supervision by means of supervision and participation, and effectively curbed crimes that endanger food and drug safety with a high-pressure situation. Procuratorial organs in Shanghai and other places set up a cross-regional "specialized case-handling team in the food and drug field" to improve the quality and efficiency of handling food and drug cases and thoroughly study difficult frontier issues. Some procuratorial organs have introduced "external brains" from universities and administrative law enforcement agencies to establish expert think tanks in the field of food and medicine. The Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the Office of the Food Safety Committee of the State Council, the State Administration of Market Supervision and other ten units signed the Opinions on Strengthening Cooperation and Cooperation in Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation to Protect Food and Drug Safety according to Law, which made clear provisions on clue transfer and filing jurisdiction. Procuratorial organs around the country actively broaden the channels of administrative procuratorial supervision and public interest litigation clue discovery in the field of food and drug, strengthen internal linkage and external cooperation, improve cooperation mechanisms such as information exchange, briefing and consultation on difficult issues, and create a good supervision atmosphere. Adhere to the combination of case supervision and case supervision, and actively play the role of procuratorial suggestions.For the regulatory loopholes and weak links in the field of food and drug safety found in handling cases, urge the regulatory authorities to perform their duties according to law and jointly improve the food and drug safety governance system.

　　Question 2: How do the three departments cooperate and strengthen cooperation in protecting food and drug safety?

　　A: Our three departments took this special action as an opportunity to communicate and cooperate closely, and Qi Xin worked together to safeguard food and drug safety. First, strengthen communication and information sharing. The Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the State Administration of Market Supervision and National Medical Products Administration held seminars on key cases, jointly observed court trials, exchanged personnel positions, and supported each other in business training. The Supreme People’s Procuratorate invited the Supreme People’s Court, State Administration of Market Supervision, China Consumers Association and other units to hold a forum to reach a preliminary consensus on promoting the construction of punitive damages system. Local market supervision departments and drug supervision departments take the initiative to invite procuratorial organs to participate in food and drug safety supervision and other law enforcement activities, timely inform the progress of administrative investigation of cases and transfer them to the public security, jointly study and deal with difficult and complicated cases, realize information exchange and sharing, and form a joint force of law enforcement and justice. The second is to jointly carry out special "small projects". In view of the key areas and regions with high local food and drug safety risks, all localities have taken "small special projects" as the starting point and breakthrough point to promote the in-depth implementation of the "four most stringent" requirements. For example, the procuratorial organs in many places jointly with market supervision, education, health and epidemic prevention departments carry out special inspections on the food safety situation on campus and around, actively implement the requirements of national epidemic prevention and control work, and effectively protect the health of teachers and students. The third is to work together to promote the formulation and improvement of relevant laws and regulations.Combined with the revision of the scope of counterfeit and inferior drugs in the Drug Administration Law, we will jointly study and improve the relevant legal provisions for punishing drug safety crimes, boost National Medical Products Administration to issue a reply on the identification of counterfeit and inferior drugs, and put forward opinions on the relevant provisions of the Eleventh Amendment to the Criminal Law. In view of the outstanding problems that need to be solved in criminal cases involving food in judicial practice, the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate are jointly revising the Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Criminal Cases Endangering Food Safety, and the State Administration of Market Supervision actively participates in the study, and jointly designs the rules in combination with the practice of handling cases and ensuring people’s livelihood needs. The fourth is to further establish and improve the long-term mechanism for the connection between administrative law enforcement and criminal justice. Relevant functional departments are studying and formulating the Measures for Linking Administrative Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice in Market Supervision and Management and the Measures for Linking Administrative Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice in the Field of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety. The promulgation of these documents will further rationalize the mechanism of "Linking the Two Laws", promote all functional departments to fully unite their efforts and expand their work effectiveness. Procuratorial organs in many places and relevant administrative supervision departments have jointly formulated specific implementation rules and supporting specifications for the "convergence of the two laws" to ensure the effective operation of the convergence mechanism.

　　Question 3: What measures did the three departments take during the epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19?

　　A: During the epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19, we closely focused on the overall situation of epidemic prevention and control, played a functional role, severely cracked down on illegal and criminal activities such as fake and inferior protective products and counterfeit and inferior drugs, and made every effort to ensure the quality and safety of epidemic prevention and control drugs and medical devices. The State Administration of Market Supervision has stepped up supervision and law enforcement, and given full play to the role of "ensuring price, quality and supply" to ensure that all kinds of epidemic prevention supplies and residents’ daily necessities are stable in price, safe in quality and sufficient in supply, so as to protect the epidemic prevention and control. Taking the case listing supervision as the starting point, we constantly explored the establishment and improvement of the cooperation mechanism for major case reports and case investigation, continued to deepen the coordination and linkage of law enforcement and case handling, actively carried out the case investigation and supervision, listed and supervised 42 cases involving high amount of money, serious illegal circumstances and great social impact, and organized the investigation and handling of food cases such as "Burger King" exposed at the March 15th party. Relevant stores and responsible persons involved in the case have been punished by administrative penalties such as revocation of administrative license, confiscation of illegal income and fines. National Medical Products Administration organized the centralized rectification of drugs and equipment for epidemic prevention and control, actively promoted the research and development of vaccines in Covid-19, made emergency approval for therapeutic drugs and medical protective medical devices in COVID-19, took the initiative to connect with relevant production enterprises, and completed registration inspection and review to prepare for the mass production of vaccines in Covid-19. And strictly control the quality, strengthen risk management, and send supervision teams to key provinces to supervise the quality of medical materials.At present, a total of 22 drugs have been urgently approved to carry out clinical trials on the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 and its related indications; Conditionally approve the listing of 2 drugs; 54 test reagents in Covid-19 were urgently approved, with a daily production capacity of 24.018 million. 420 registration certificates of medical protective clothing and 307 registration certificates of medical protective masks were approved for emergency treatment in various places. Two Covid-19 vaccines in China have been conditionally approved for marketing, and 16 vaccine varieties in 5 technical routes have been urgently approved for clinical trials, of which 6 vaccine varieties have already carried out phase III clinical trials.In view of the frequent occurrence of illegal and criminal cases such as manufacturing and selling fake and inferior prevention and control, protective equipment and substandard medical equipment during the epidemic prevention and control period, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate strengthened its research, grasped the characteristics of criminal laws, and timely issued the Opinions on Punishing Illegal and Criminal Cases that Hinder the Epidemic Prevention and Control of Pneumonia in novel coronavirus in conjunction with the Supreme People’s Court, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Justice, and actively responded to questions such as how to accurately grasp the standard of case proof and accurately apply the charges in the case of manufacturing and selling fake and inferior masks by answering reporters’ questions. Release a number of typical cases, organize line training, clarify standards for handling epidemic-related criminal cases, unify understanding, achieve precise strikes, and prevent and control according to law. In 2020, procuratorial organs handled a number of criminal cases involving the prevention and control of epidemic situation in the production and sale of fake and inferior commodities, intervened in the investigation of 682 such cases, arrested 400 cases of 683 people, prosecuted 451 cases of 959 people, made 225 effective judgments in the first instance, and supervised the public security organs to file 61 cases of 77 people. Procuratorial organs in various places give full play to their procuratorial functions, closely combine the fight against crimes according to law with epidemic prevention and control, resumption of work and production, and maintenance of market economic order, effectively protecting people’s lives, health and safety, and maintaining the stability of market economic order.

　　Question 4: What are the considerations for releasing these typical cases this time?

　　A: Thanks to the joint efforts of all parties, the overall food and drug safety situation has improved in recent years, but illegal and criminal cases that endanger food and drug safety still occur from time to time, bringing serious harm and great hidden dangers to people’s health. This time, we have screened 15 typical cases of administrative, criminal and public interest litigation in view of the frequent cases in law enforcement and judicial practice, and combined with the results of special actions, covering a wide range of areas, including cases in the food field involving meat products from overseas epidemic areas, weight loss coffee and health food with banned substances, "poisonous stuffed skin" and "fake roast duck", cooked food with falsified production date, and non-performance of online ordering platform, as well as cases in the drug field involving black workshops selling counterfeit drugs and pharmacies selling expired inferior drugs. Some are sold in traditional physical stores, some organize sales teams to promote them on a large scale, and some are widely sold through the Internet, which is very harmful.

　　For example, in the case of Shanghai Han Moumou and Hong Moumou producing and selling toxic and harmful food, Han Moumou and Hong Moumou mixed sibutramine banned by the state into weight loss coffee and sold it on the Internet on a large scale, with a sales amount of more than 8 million yuan, which endangered the physical and mental health of many online consumers. Remind consumers to improve their awareness of prevention, understand the harm and identification methods of "sibutramine" coffee, and achieve scientific slimming. Another example is the crime of producing and selling toxic and harmful food by Sun Moumou and others in Jilin. Without obtaining the relevant production license qualification, Sun Moumou and others used different packaging to produce health food in a small workshop, adding western medicine ingredients at will, and the sales volume reached more than 1,400 boxes, which seriously destroyed the market order of health food and endangered the health of consumers. Guide consumers to establish the concept of healthy consumption and safe consumption, and administrative law enforcement departments should also strengthen supervision and standardize the market order of health food. Another example is the case of Anhui Li Moumou and others manufacturing and selling counterfeit drugs. Li Moumou and others produced counterfeit drugs such as Benazepril hydrochloride tablets and aspirin enteric-coated tablets in black workshops and sold them to many places. The total production and sales amount was more than 3 million yuan, which directly endangered the life and health of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and caused great social harm. It is suggested that the general public should pay attention to the safety of drug use, buy drugs from formal channels and check whether there is any difference in drug packaging and quality.

　　The cases released this time are all around the masses, which are closely related to their vital interests. On the one hand, it shows our clear attitude and firm determination to actively safeguard people’s personal and property safety, which is a powerful deterrent to criminals. On the other hand, it can remind people to raise their awareness of prevention and guard against being deceived when encountering similar situations in social life. At the same time, these cases also involve the effective connection between administrative law enforcement and criminal justice, the distinction between this crime and that crime, and the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the people through public interest litigation, which also has a certain demonstration and guidance role for law enforcement and case-handling departments in various places.

　　Question 5: What are your plans for the next step in protecting food and drug safety?

　　A: We will continue to strictly abide by the bottom line of food and drug safety, keep cracking down on illegal crimes that endanger food and drug safety, pay close attention to case investigation and improve the governance system, and really enhance the people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security.

　　First, further implement the "four strictest" requirements, highlight key areas, focus on issues such as "three no foods", "expired foods" and "foods that have not been inspected and quarantined", severely crack down on illegal crimes of manufacturing and selling fake and shoddy foods in rural areas, and earnestly safeguard rural food safety. We will intensify efforts to crack down on the crimes of manufacturing and selling fake and inferior seeds, pesticides, fertilizers and other agricultural materials in accordance with the law, and earnestly safeguard national food security. Vigorously punish illegal additions and false propaganda in the field of health food to meet the health care needs of the people. Properly handle epidemic-related cases according to law, accurately punish illegal crimes of manufacturing and selling fake and inferior products, protective products, medicines and cold-chain foods with unknown sources, keep a close eye on production, sales and transportation, actively promote the supervision of key epidemic prevention products such as vaccines, strengthen forward-looking analysis and judgment, and punish criminal acts according to law. We will carry out in-depth special rectification of illegal online sales of drugs and cosmetics, and maintain the safety of online consumption of drugs and cosmetics. The second is to further improve the normalized communication and coordination mechanism, enhance regulatory coordination, and promote the formulation and promulgation of relevant market supervision, agricultural product safety administrative law enforcement and criminal justice convergence methods to enhance the joint efforts. The third is to strengthen the research on problems, and combine the new situation of the introduction of the Criminal Law Amendment (11), the revision of the Drug Administration Law and the Regulations on the Management of Medical Devices, and the substantial revision of the judicial interpretation of food, and conduct targeted and in-depth research to solve new problems and new situations.In particular, the difficult and complicated problems in illegal and criminal cases and the application of new crimes in criminal law are deeply explored to promote the parties to reach a consensus and form a unified standard. Fourth, jointly improve the professional level of the team, combine the needs of law enforcement and judicial practice, carry out in-depth research and guidance through joint training, listing and supervising cases, organizing and supervising, actively promote the construction of the core team for specialized case handling against illegal crimes endangering food and drug safety, and comprehensively improve the professional ability of case handlers and the quality and efficiency of case handling.