When was Han Gou first called ＂Yangzhou Canal＂？ Water conservancy experts interpret the change of canal name
"In the second year (837), the summer was dry and the Yangzhou Canal was exhausted." (The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Biography of Literati Sect), this is the first time in the official history that the word canal is used to call artificial rivers — — Hangou Xu Bingshun, a water conservancy expert in Yangzhou City, told the reporter: It can be seen that the earliest name of Han Gou as "Yangzhou Canal" began in the second year of Tang Kaicheng, about 1200 years ago, and it was a dynasty earlier than the "Canal started in Song Dynasty" in Huang Huang’s masterpiece Ci Hai.
"Looking through the records about the Gou in the twenty-five histories and related classics, since the Song Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, ‘ Yangzhou Canal ’ It was used intermittently. By the Qing Dynasty, the word "Canal" had gone out of the scope of Han ‘gou, and it became the general term for the artificial river from Jingshi to Hangzhou. After the founding of New China, the hometown of the southern end of Han ‘gou — — Yangzhou, comprehensively renovating the canal, has added another good name to the Hangou — — The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, but it all comes around the gully. " Xu Bingshun said.
Han Gou was first seen in Xie Lingyun’s Western Expedition Fu in the Southern Dynasties.
Han Gou, the ancestor of today’s canal, has a long history. With the change of dynasties, the appellation has changed a lot, which should be second to none in artificial rivers. "Zuo Zhuan" says: "Wu Cheng is in the Yangtze River and Huaihe River", but there is no ditch name, and later generations mostly interpret it as the name of the river. Guoyu is called a deep ditch, Hanshu is called a canal water, Shuijing is called a water blasphemy, and Chunqiu Zuoshi’s Biography is called Hanjiang. Xie Lingyun, a poet in the Southern Dynasties, wrote in the poem "The Ode to the Western Expedition": "Looking at the Han Valley through the sunlight", and the name of the Han Valley was first seen in written records. At the same time, the "Wu Cheng Fu" said: "Caoqu is the axis, and Kungang is the axis." Han Gou is called Cao Qu. The Notes on Water Classics is also called Han Yinggou.
When Wei Zhi wrote "Sui Shu" in the Tang Dynasty, it was said that Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty called Sanyang blasphemy. Emperor Yangdi was still called Han Gou.
In the second year of Tang Kaicheng, Han Gou was first called Yangzhou Canal.
In the early Tang Dynasty, according to the records in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Records of Food Goods and Geography, the Han River was called Caohe River and Guanhe River. In Yuanhe, Li Jifu wrote the Records of Yuanhe Counties, which called Hedu Canal, Hanjiang River and Sanyang Turbidity. In the late Tang Dynasty, the name of Hangou took a leap forward. According to the New Tang Book Wenzongji, "In the summer of 837, the Yangzhou Canal was exhausted." This not only let us know that the canal dried up after two years of drought, but more importantly, it sent us an important message that the Hangou has a new name named after the canal — — "Yangzhou Canal" is an unprecedented change. This is also the first time that the word canal has been seen in ancient books. Compared with the name of the canal we are talking about now, it began in the fifth year of Zhongfu in Song Daxiang (1012). The name of the canal in "Drought in Huainan, Reducing Canal Irrigation" was 175 years earlier, and it was more than 183 years earlier than the title of "Yangzhou Canal" excavated in the fourth year of Song Tianxi (1020).
The word canal was used in Song Dynasty, and it was also used with other river names.
In the Song Dynasty, the word canal was used to name more rivers, and it was also used with other river names. "History of the Song Dynasty Zhenzong Ji" says: "In the first month of the fourth year of Tianxi (1020), the Yangzhou Canal was opened." After the opening of the Tang Dynasty, the river in the south of Yangzhou was renamed Yangzhou Canal. "Song Shi Zhang Lun Biography" cloud: Tianxizhong (1017— — 1021) "In addition to Huai River, Lun made and shipped the deputy envoy, and built the Caohe dike for 300 miles, and blocked the huge stones in the north of Gaoyou to drain the cross-flow", and called the Hangou Caohe River. History of the Song Dynasty: "In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), the Huainan Canal was dug, from Shao Bo Dai to Yizhen, with fourteen sections." This is called Huainan Canal. "History of the Song Dynasty, Records of Food Goods" says: In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), Guishan Canal (the northern extension of Han Gou, located in Huai ‘an today) was opened to reach Huai, which was called the Canal. "History of the Song Dynasty, Biography of Shenzong" records that the Zhenchu Canal (now Yizheng to Huai ‘an District) was dug in October of the seventh year of Yuanfeng, and it was called Zhenchu Canal. At the time of Yuanfeng, Mengxi Bitan was also called Huainan Caoqu. "History of the Song Dynasty: River Canal Records" also states: "In the fourth year of Emperor Gaozong Shaoxing (1134), Zhen, Yang weir gates and Zhengongtang in Zhenzhou were demolished, and no order was made to enter the canal, which was called the canal in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the fourteenth year, Xiong Feiyan, the minister in charge of Yangzhou, said: The Yangzhou Canal was only accumulated by two gates, Guazhou and Zhenzhou.
In the Song Dynasty, Han Gou was called Caohe, Huainan Canal, Zhenchu Canal, Huainan Caoqu, Yangzhou Canal, etc. Among them, the names named after canals were significantly more than those in the Tang Dynasty.
From Jingshi to Hangzhou in Qing Dynasty, it was collectively called Canal.
In the Qing Dynasty, The Draft of the History of the Qing Dynasty, Zhi 120, said under the canal: The canal runs from zhi gu and Shandong in the capital to the mouth of the Yangtze River, covering more than 2,000 miles from north to south, and from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang) to Hangzhou, with a total length of more than 800 miles, which is called the canal. This is the Han Gou since it was dug, after Han, Jin, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, to the Qing Dynasty for more than 2,100 years, and then it reached Nantong and Beida, only then did it have a unified title. The word "canal" also rose from "regional level" to "national level", which innovated the history recorded in ancient books. The river sections along the line are generally crowned with the word canal, covering the north and south of the river, such as Tongzhou Canal, North Canal, Linqing Canal, China Canal, Huaiyang Canal, South Canal, Jiangnan Canal and so on.
The Han Gou between Huai and Yang also had a new name in Qing Dynasty. According to Jiaqing’s "Rebuilding the Records of Yangzhou Prefecture", Qing Shunzhi and Kangxi called Han Gou the Canal and Li Canal, followed by Li River, Nan River, Huaiyang Canal, Li Yang Canal, South Canal and Jiangbei Canal.
Comprehensive renovation in 1958, Yangzhou was first called the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal.
After the founding of New China, Li Canal continued to be used. In 1958, the water conservancy project headquarters of Yangzhou Special Zone determined that the winter and spring water conservancy tasks were "the first is the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal Project", and "the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal Project" has become the name of the project. More than 200,000 people fought for a winter and spring, and the first phase of the project was completed in the first half of 1959. On July 12th, the Water Conservancy Battle Report compiled by the Political Department of the Water Conservancy Headquarters of Yangzhou Special Zone, at the first time, put on new clothes for the ancient canal, and heroic migrant workers sang a triumphant song. The Yangzhou section of the first phase of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal was basically completed. The Water Conservancy Warfare witnessed that Yangzhou was first called the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal when the canal was comprehensively renovated in 1958. The name of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal came from Yangzhou. This is consistent with the statement in Jiangsu Provincial Records of Water Conservancy that "the comprehensive renovation in 1958 was called the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal".
(Source: Yangzhou Publishing)