＂Big Data＂ in Education Development： These changes have taken place in universities, primary and secondary schools in the past five years.

　　BEIJING, Beijing, September 28 (Shang Qi) In the past five years, what changes have been made to universities, primary and secondary schools by the educational reform in China? How does the state promote and guarantee educational equity? What are the new developments in the construction of teachers? On the 28th, the Ministry of Education released several sets of data to introduce these.

　　China News Service reporter Zhang Yazi photo

　　What is the national financial investment in education?

　　— — The proportion of GDP has exceeded 4% for five consecutive years.

　　According to reports, in 2012, the national financial education funds exceeded 2 trillion yuan for the first time, accounting for more than 4% of GDP for the first time. This is an important milestone in the history of education development in China.

　　A few days ago, the reporter learned from the Ministry of Education that from 2012 to 2016, the state’s fiscal education funds accumulated 13.5 trillion yuan in five years, exceeding the sum of the accumulated investment in the 60 years from 1952 to 2011, which is the largest five years since the founding of New China.

　　According to preliminary statistics, in 2016, the national financial education funds reached 3.14 trillion yuan, exceeding 3 trillion yuan for the first time, accounting for more than 4% of GDP for five consecutive years.

　　How can education funds promote fairness?

　　Under the premise that the state attaches great importance to increasing investment in education, Zhao Jianjun, deputy director of the Finance Department of the Ministry of Education, stressed that there are three "more than half" in the use of fiscal education funds, which fully embodies the principles of "protecting the basics, keeping the bottom line, making up shortcomings and promoting fairness".

　　— — More than half is used for compulsory education.

　　Zhao Jianjun revealed that compulsory education accounted for 52.85% in 2016, the highest proportion. Financial education funds at all levels have increased by more than 20% in five years, among which compulsory education has increased the most, accounting for nearly 60% of the total increase; Preschool education grew the fastest, reaching 77.3%.

　　— — More than half is used in the Midwest.

　　The data shows that in 2016, the financial education funds in the central and western regions reached 1.71 trillion yuan, accounting for 59% of the whole country. The average annual growth rate of local financial education funds in the eastern, central and western regions is 10.2%, 11.3% and 12.3% respectively. The growth rate in the central and western regions is higher than that in the eastern region, and the educational financial funds are further inclined to the central and western regions.

　　— — More than half is used for teachers’ salaries and student aid.

　　The reporter learned that in 2016, teachers’ salaries and student aid accounted for 61%. From 2012 to 2016, teachers’ salaries and student financial aid expenditures increased significantly, while the proportion of expenditure on school operation, school building construction and equipment purchase decreased. The expenditure of education funds has gradually shown a trend from investing in "things" to investing in "people".

　　What is the development of education at all levels?

　　Under the background of the steady growth of national financial education funds, China has made historic progress in education, and the development level of education at all levels has leapt to the top in the world.

　　The data shows that in 2016, there were 512,000 schools of all levels and types in China, with 265 million students enrolled in all levels of academic education and 53.255 million registered students in non-academic education.

　　— — In three years before school, the gross enrollment rate increased by 12.9% in five years.

　　According to reports, in 2016, the number of kindergartens nationwide reached 240,000, an increase of 59,000 over 2012, an increase of 32.6%; There are 44.139 million children in kindergartens nationwide, an increase of 7.281 million or 19.8% over 2012.

　　Liu Changya, director of the Development Planning Department of the Ministry of Education, revealed that the gross enrollment rate reached 77.4% in three years before school, which increased by 12.9 percentage points in five years. The basic popularization target of 70% set in the Outline of the National Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan was completed ahead of schedule, which also exceeded the average level of 73.7% in middle and high-income countries.

　　Liu Changya said, "The proportion of primary school freshmen who have received preschool education is 98.4%, 2.9 percentage points higher than that in 2012, which means that almost all primary school freshmen have received preschool education for a certain period of time."

　　— — The popularization level of compulsory education has exceeded the average level of high-income countries.

　　The reporter learned that in 2016, there were 230,000 compulsory education schools in China with 140 million students. Among them, there are 178,000 primary schools with 99.13 million students; There are 52,000 junior high schools with 43.294 million students.

　　Lv Yugang, director of the Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education, revealed that in 2016, the net enrollment rate of primary school-age children in China reached 99.92%, the gross enrollment rate in junior high school was 104.0%, and the consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education was 93.4%. The popularization level of nine-year compulsory education has exceeded the average level of high-income countries in the world.

　　In addition, Lv Yugang also said that compulsory education has been further promoted without examination. In 19 hot cities, the enrollment rate of "young to small" has reached 99%, and the enrollment rate of "small to early" has reached 97%. Relevant big data sampling shows that the satisfaction of the masses is close to 90%.

　　— — The gross enrollment rate of senior high school is higher than the average level of middle and high income countries.

　　Data show that in 2016, there were 25,000 high school schools in China, with 39.701 million students, a decrease of 6.252 million compared with 2012, due to the decline of school-age population.

　　Among them, there are 13,000 ordinary high schools with 23.667 million students; There are 11,000 secondary vocational schools with 15.99 million students, and secondary vocational students account for 40.3%.

　　Liu Changya said that in 2016, the gross enrollment rate of senior high schools in China reached 87.5%, 2.5 percentage points higher than that in 2012 and higher than the average level of 83.8% in middle and high income countries.

　　— — The number of annual scientific and technological papers in colleges and universities in China has reached one-eighth of the world.

　　Data show that in 2016, there were 2,880 colleges and universities nationwide, 90 more than in 2012, including 2,596 ordinary colleges and universities. The total number of students studying in higher education is 36.99 million, an increase of 3.738 million or 11.2% compared with 2012, accounting for 20% of the total scale of higher education in the world.

　　Liu Changya revealed that the gross enrollment rate of higher education reached 42.7%, 12.7 percentage points higher than that in 2012, and the 40% target set in the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan was achieved ahead of schedule, and it is moving towards the internationally recognized stage of popularization of higher education.

　　It is understood that at present, the number of annual scientific and technological papers in China’s universities has reached one-eighth of the world, and the number of high-impact papers has increased simultaneously. The international academic rankings of some high-level universities have been moving forward.

　　— — Private schools account for 33.4% of the total number of schools in China.

　　The data shows that in 2016, there were 171,000 private schools of all levels and types in China, an increase of 31,000 compared with 2012, an increase of 22.2%, accounting for 33.4% of the total number of schools in China.

　　Among them, there are 48.254 million students in private education at all levels, an increase of 9.143 million or 23.4% over 2012, accounting for 18.2% of the total number of students in the country, an increase of 5.3 percentage points over 2012.

　　How about the construction of teachers?

　　— — 3 million rural teachers have increased their sense of gain.

　　The construction of teachers is the basic work of education development, and how the appearance of teachers will actually affect the development of education quality.

　　The reporter learned from the Ministry of Education that as of 2016, there were 15.78 million full-time teachers in all kinds of schools at all levels in China. Compared with 2012, the number of full-time teachers in preschool education increased by 753,000, an increase of 50.9%. The number of full-time teachers in colleges and universities increased by 162,000, an increase of 11.3%; The number of full-time teachers in special education increased by 9,516, an increase of 21.6%; The number of full-time teachers in compulsory education increased by 187,000, an increase of 2.1%.

　　In addition, over the past five years, 63,000 publicly-funded normal college graduates have taken up teaching posts, of which 90.5% have taught in the central and western regions. At the same time, the demonstration has driven 28 provinces to implement public education for local normal students. Every year, 41,000 people directly teach in rural areas, supplementing a large number of high-quality teachers for rural schools.

　　Huang Wei, deputy director of the Teacher Affairs Department of the Ministry of Education, said that the full implementation of the living allowance policy for rural teachers has significantly enhanced the sense of acquisition of 3 million rural teachers.

　　Huang Wei revealed that since its launch in September 2013, the central government has allocated 11.2 billion yuan of comprehensive award funds, covering 708 contiguous poverty-stricken areas and counties in the central and western regions, benefiting more than 1.3 million people, and the highest per capita monthly subsidy standard reached 2,000 yuan. (End)