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Popular Science of Epidemic Prevention Hot Questions and Answers ｜ Can hypertensive patients take COVID-19 antiviral drugs when they are yang, and how？ Detailed explanation of experts in Ruijin Hospit

2026年7月18日 | admin | C3

"Do antihypertensive drugs need to be adjusted?" "Can antipyretics be eaten?" "Do you need to take COVID-19 oral medicine?" When hypertensive patients meet COVID-19, how to use drugs has become a problem for many people. In this regard, Bian Xiaolan, deputy chairman of the Hospital Pharmacy Committee of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Association, chief pharmacist of the pharmacy department of Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, and Xu Jianzhong, director of the China Hypertension Alliance and chief physician of the hypertension department of Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, gave a detailed explanation.

Hypertension patients "medicine can’t stop"

First of all, it should be clear that patients with hypertension can’t stop taking daily antihypertensive drugs at will even during the period of COVID-19 infection.Symptoms such as fever and discomfort caused by COVID-19 infection, and virus attacks on human respiratory system, immune system, circulatory system, etc., can easily cause blood pressure fluctuations of patients, and drug withdrawal at will may induce or aggravate diseases.Therefore, it is suggested that patients with hypertension should adhere to the original antihypertensive treatment plan after infection, and need to monitor their blood pressure. If the blood pressure fluctuates greatly after infection with COVID-19, it is recommended to take antihypertensive drugs and seek medical advice in time if necessary.

Can puli and sartan drugs still be used?

Studies have shown that Covid-19 invades human body by interacting with the receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2) on the surface of respiratory epithelial cells, and then entering the cells, causing a series of pathological changes. This is reminiscent of ACEI and ARB, two antihypertensive drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin system, that is, two antihypertensive drugs that usually end with "Puli" and "Sartan". At one time, many articles suggested that COVID-19 infected people should consider stopping using these two drugs and switching to other antihypertensive drugs.However, the fact is that there is no evidence that ACEI or ARB drugs will cause special damage to infected people in COVID-19. Therefore, if your commonly used antihypertensive drugs are Pulitzer or Sartan, you can still use them with confidence.

Symptomatic drugs can be used, but attention should be paid to interaction.

For the symptoms of COVID-19 infection, such as fever, pain, cough and expectoration, nasal congestion, etc., patients with hypertension can choose appropriate drugs for symptomatic treatment.

For example, commonly used antipyretic and analgesic drugs include acetaminophen and ibuprofen.For patients with hypertension, acetaminophen may be a more suitable choice.Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen may cause edema, hypertension, etc. When used together with antihypertensive drugs, the effect of antihypertensive drugs may be reduced. Ibuprofen may further aggravate renal injury in hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency, so it is not recommended to use it.

There are also some ingredients in the compound cold medicine, such as pseudoephedrine (with the word "hemp" in the general drug name) and licorice, which may cause blood pressure to rise. It is recommended to read the instructions carefully to see the ingredients of the medicine before using it. Special reminder that the star drug "Lianhua Qingwen" contains blindly Chinese medicine "baked ephedra", which may also lead to an increase in blood pressure, and patients with hypertension should also use it with caution.

How to use COVID-19 antiviral oral medicine?

At present, COVID-19 antiviral drugs approved for application in China include namatavir/ritonavir (drug P), azvudine and Monola. Generally speaking, for mild and common patients, antiviral treatment is needed only if they are combined with risk factors that progress to severe/critical illness. Hypertension, as one of the high risk factors for progression to severe disease, can be treated with antiviral therapy, especially for the elderly and patients with other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications.

The recommended dosage and course of treatment of COVID-19 with drug P are: Nimatvir 300 mg(2 tablets) combined with ritonavir 100 mg(1 tablet), once every 12 hours, for 5 days continuously, and should be used as soon as possible within 5 days after COVID-19 is diagnosed and symptoms appear.

Because there are many drug interactions with drug P, it is necessary to pay attention to the "conflict" with daily medication. Beta blockers, ACEI, ARB and diuretics have no obvious interaction with drug P, so they can continue to be used.

For channel blockers amlodipine and nifedipine, the use of drug P may increase the concentration of antihypertensive drugs. If it is necessary to use them at the same time, it is recommended to monitor blood pressure.

Studies have shown that drug P may double the blood concentration of amlodipine, so it is suggested that the dosage of amlodipine be halved or used once every other day, and that the conventional dosage of amlodipine be restored three days after the last administration of drug P, and that doctors and pharmacists should be consulted in time for specific drug adjustment.

In addition, for patients with hypertension complicated with moderate renal injury (eGFR 30-60 ml/min), the dosage of drug P should be reduced appropriately, that is, one tablet of nematevir and one tablet of ritonavir should be taken once every 12 hours for 5 days. For patients with mild renal injury and mild and moderate liver injury, it is not necessary to adjust the dosage of the drug, but it is not recommended for patients with severe renal injury and liver injury.

The recommended dosage and course of treatment of COVID-19 with azvudine are: 5 mg each time, once a day, and the course of treatment should not exceed 14 days at most.

When azvudine is used in patients with hypertension, it is also necessary to pay attention to the liver and kidney functions of patients. The common adverse reaction is abnormal liver function, which is manifested by the increase of transaminase. It should be used with caution for patients with moderate and severe liver and renal insufficiency. Considering the risk of genotoxicity and reproductive toxicity, it is not recommended for pregnant and lactating patients.

The recommended dosage and course of treatment of Monola Wei for COVID-19 are: 0.8 g(4 capsules) each time, once every 12 hours, for 5 consecutive days, and it should also be used as soon as possible within 5 days after COVID-19 is diagnosed and symptoms appear.

Monola is a prodrug with anti-Covid-19 activity, which needs to be metabolized in vivo to play a role in NHC. Neither Monola nor NHC are the main inhibitors or inducers of drug metabolizing enzymes or transporters. Generally speaking, it is less likely to interact with the combined drugs, so there is no need to worry too much about the drug interaction. In addition, since liver and kidney are not the main metabolic and clearance routes of Monola Wei, there is no need to adjust the dosage for patients with liver function and renal insufficiency. It should be noted, however, that Monola wein may have genotoxicity and reproductive toxicity, so it was put on the market with a black box warning from FDA, and it was not recommended for pregnant and lactating patients, and the risk of mutation should be guarded. In addition, the drug may affect the growth of bones and cartilage in children, so it is not recommended to be used in children.

In short, for patients with hypertension, don’t panic even if you meet COVID-19. Send a poem "doggerel" for patients with hypertension to deal with COVID-19. I hope everyone will keep a good attitude and be the first person responsible for their health.

Don’t stop antihypertensive drugs at will, and stick to regular blood pressure measurement.

Timely use of symptomatic drugs and reasonable selection are the key.

Antiviral drugs can be used, and the interaction should be seen clearly.

Timely treatment of high-risk symptoms, good attitude to protect health.

(This project is jointly planned by the Municipal Science and Technology Commission and the Municipal Health and Health Commission, thanks to the special science funding of the "Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan" of the Municipal Science and Technology Commission)

Author: Tang Wenjia

Editor: Tang Wenjia

Editor in charge: Fan Liping

* The exclusive manuscript of Wenhui, please indicate the source.

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In 2021, the opening ceremony of the national common language training course for primary school Chinese backbone teachers and teaching researchers in ethnic minority areas was held in Beijing.

2025年9月16日 | admin | A1

　　Cctv news Recently, the opening ceremony of the 2021 national common language training course for primary school Chinese teachers and researchers in ethnic minority areas was held in Beijing, sponsored by the Language Application Management Department of the Ministry of Education, hosted by the National Education Development Center of the Ministry of Education, and co-organized by Higher Education Press and People’s Education Press.

　　575 teachers from Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Xizang, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang participated in the training. Henry Hui Wang, Deputy Director of the Department of Language Application Management of the Ministry of Education, guoyan, Director of the Center for Ethnic Education Development of the Ministry of Education, and Chen Xiaoguang, Editor-in-Chief of Higher Education Press, attended the opening ceremony of the training course and delivered speeches. Wu Xinxin, a researcher at the College of Liberal Arts of Beijing Normal University, attended the opening ceremony and gave the first lecture report to the students. The opening ceremony was presided over by Hu Wei, deputy director of the National Education Development Center of the Ministry of Education.

Meeting site

　　In his speech, Chen Xiaoguang emphasized that this training is an in-depth practice of "teacher training in internet plus" to promote the sharing of high-quality educational resources, which is of great significance for popularizing the national common language and building a strong sense of the Chinese nation community. Henry Hui Wang summed up the significance of the training from the perspective of implementing the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary and the relevant decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee. He asked the students to improve their positions, fully understand that popularizing the national common language and characters is "the leader of the country", strengthen their responsibility and help strengthen the education of the national common language and characters, base themselves on their posts, and carry forward and inherit the excellent Chinese language and culture. In his speech, guoyan pointed out that this training is a vivid practice of studying and implementing the spirit of the "July 1st" important speech of the Supreme Leader General Secretary and doing practical things for the masses. It is also a practical action to serve the ethnic areas to build a high-quality education system, especially to build a high-quality professional teacher team, after the activities of improving the teaching and research ability last year, and put forward three hopes and requirements to all the students: carrying forward the great spirit of party building, practicing the initial intention of Lide Shuren, taking the sense of community of the Chinese nation as the main line, laying a solid foundation for students of all ethnic groups in the country, and upgrading their majors.

　　This training is demand-oriented. In the early stage, through on-the-spot investigation and online questionnaire survey, the training needs of teachers in ethnic areas were accurately understood, and on this basis, the curriculum structure was adjusted and optimized, which improved the pertinence and effectiveness of the training. The training lasted for one month, and adopted a combination of synchronous live broadcast, asynchronous elective course and workshop discussion, closely following the weak links of Chinese teaching and the shortcomings of teachers’ ability, and developed a wealth of high-end lectures, teaching and research activities and interactive discussions, which helped to strengthen the construction of teachers’ morality and style in ethnic areas, improve teachers’ Chinese literacy and teaching and research ability, popularize the national common language and script, and build a strong sense of the Chinese nation community.

The Ministry of Ecology and Environment released the quality of surface water and ambient air in the first half of the year.

2025年8月27日 | admin | B2

The Ministry of Ecology and Environment informed the media today about the quality of surface water and ambient air in June and January-June, 2020.

I. Surface water

(1) General situation

In June, among the surface water assessment sections in 1940 countries, the proportion of sections with excellent water quality (Class I-III) was 71.4%, up 0.6 percentage points year-on-year; The proportion of inferior V sections was 2.5%, down 2.9 percentage points year-on-year. The main pollution indicators are chemical oxygen demand, permanganate index and total phosphorus.

Figure 1 Proportion of surface water quality categories in China in June 2020

From January to June, among the surface water assessment sections in 1940 countries, the proportion of sections with excellent water quality (Class I-III) was 80.1%, up 5.6 percentage points year-on-year; The proportion of inferior V sections was 1.1%, down 3.2 percentage points year-on-year. The main pollution indicators are chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus and permanganate index.

Figure 2 Proportion of surface water quality categories in China from January to June 2020

(2) Water quality of major rivers

In June, the proportion of I-III water quality sections in seven major river basins, such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Pearl River, the Songhua River, the Huaihe River, the Haihe River and the Liaohe River, and the rivers in the northwest, southwest and Zhejiang and Fujian provinces was 75.1%, up 1.4 percentage points year-on-year; The inferior V category was 1.9%, down 3.2 percentage points year-on-year. The main pollution indicators are chemical oxygen demand, permanganate index and total phosphorus. Among them, the water quality of northwest and southwest rivers is excellent, the water quality of Yangtze River basin, Zhejiang and Fujian rivers, Pearl River basin and Yellow River basin is good, and Songhua River, Liaohe River, Huaihe River and Haihe River basin are slightly polluted.

Fig. 3 Proportion of water quality categories in seven major river basins, southwest and northwest rivers and rivers in Zhejiang and Fujian in June 2020.

From January to June, the proportion of I-III water quality sections in seven major river basins, such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Pearl River, the Songhua River, the Huaihe River, the Haihe River and the Liaohe River, and rivers in the northwest, southwest and Zhejiang and Fujian provinces was 83.8%, up 5.9 percentage points year-on-year; The inferior V class was 0.7%, down 3.8 percentage points year-on-year. The main pollution indicators are chemical oxygen demand, permanganate index and five-day biochemical oxygen demand. Among them, the water quality of northwest rivers, Yangtze River basins, Zhejiang and Fujian rivers, southwest rivers and Pearl River basins is excellent, the water quality of Yellow River and Songhua River basins is good, and Huaihe River, Haihe River and Liaohe River basins are slightly polluted.

Fig. 4 Proportion of water quality categories in seven major river basins, southwest and northwest rivers and rivers in Zhejiang and Fujian from January to June, 2020.

(three) the water quality and nutritional status of important lakes (reservoirs)

In June, among the 112 key lakes (reservoirs) monitored, the number of lakes (reservoirs) with I-III water quality accounted for 71.4%, up 2.6 percentage points year-on-year; The proportion of lakes (reservoirs) with water quality worse than Grade V was 7.1%, down by 1.2 percentage points year-on-year. The main pollution indicators are total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand and permanganate index. Among the 97 key lakes (reservoirs) monitoring eutrophication, 6 lakes (reservoirs) are moderately eutrophic, accounting for 6.2%; 19 lakes (reservoirs) were slightly eutrophic, accounting for 19.6%; The other lakes (reservoirs) are not eutrophic. Among them, Taihu Lake is slightly polluted and slightly eutrophic, and the main pollution index is total phosphorus; Chaohu Lake has good water quality and mild eutrophication; Dianchi Lake is heavily polluted and moderately eutrophic, and the main pollution indexes are chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus and permanganate index. Erhai Lake has good water quality and moderate nutrition; The water quality of Danjiangkou reservoir is excellent and medium nutrition; Baiyangdian Lake is slightly polluted and slightly eutrophic. The main pollution indexes are chemical oxygen demand, permanganate index and total phosphorus. Compared with the same period of last year, the water quality of Chaohu Lake has improved, the water quality of Dianchi Lake has declined, and the water quality of Taihu Lake, Erhai Lake, Danjiangkou Reservoir and Baiyangdian Lake has not changed significantly. The nutritional status of Danjiangkou Reservoir has improved, but the nutritional status of Taihu Lake, Chaohu Lake, Dianchi Lake, Erhai Lake and Baiyangdian Lake has not changed significantly.

From January to June, among the 112 key lakes (reservoirs) monitored, the number of lakes (reservoirs) with I-III water quality accounted for 75.9%, up 9.8 percentage points year-on-year; The proportion of lakes (reservoirs) with water quality worse than Grade V was 5.4%, down by 1.9 percentage points year-on-year. The main pollution indicators are total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand and permanganate index. Among the 109 key lakes (reservoirs) monitoring eutrophication, 5 lakes (reservoirs) are moderately eutrophic, accounting for 4.6%; 19 lakes (reservoirs) were slightly eutrophic, accounting for 17.4%; The other lakes (reservoirs) are not eutrophic. Among them, Taihu Lake is slightly polluted and slightly eutrophic, and the main pollution index is total phosphorus; Chaohu Lake has good water quality and mild eutrophication; Dianchi Lake is moderately polluted and moderately eutrophic, and the main pollution indicators are chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus. The water quality of Erhai Lake and Danjiangkou Reservoir is excellent and medium nutrition; Baiyangdian Lake is slightly polluted and slightly eutrophic, and the main pollution index is chemical oxygen demand. Compared with the same period of last year, the water quality of Chaohu Lake and Erhai Lake has improved, the water quality of Dianchi Lake has declined, and the water quality of Taihu Lake, Danjiangkou Reservoir and Baiyangdian Lake has not changed significantly. The nutritional status of Dianchi Lake has declined, but there are no obvious changes in Taihu Lake, Chaohu Lake, Erhai Lake, Danjiangkou Reservoir and Baiyangdian Lake.

(four) the ranking of national surface water assessment sections in cities at or above the prefecture level

The cities at the prefecture level and above in the country participated in the ranking, covering 2050 national control sections (including 1940 national surface water assessment sections and 110 sea control sections). In June, among the cities at the prefecture level and above in China, the water environmental quality of national surface water assessment sections in 30 cities such as Laibin, Guilin and Zhangye was relatively good (from 1st to 30th), while the water environmental quality of national surface water assessment sections in 30 cities such as Cangzhou, Fuxin and Chifeng was relatively poor (from 1st to 30th). From January to June, among the cities at the prefecture level and above in China, the water environment quality of national surface water assessment sections in 30 cities such as Zhangye, Jinchang and Liuzhou was relatively good (from 1st to 30th), while the water environment quality of national surface water assessment sections in 30 cities such as Tongchuan, Cangzhou and Xingtai was relatively poor (from 1st to 30th). The changes of water environmental quality of national surface water assessment sections in 30 cities such as Yingkou, Lvliang and Liaoyuan are relatively good (from 1st to 30th), while the changes of water environmental quality of national surface water assessment sections in 30 cities such as Tongchuan, Daqing and Chifeng are relatively poor (from 1st to 30th). See Schedule 1 ~ Schedule 6 for details.

Second, the ambient air

In June, the average number of excellent days in 337 cities at or above the prefecture level was 85.1%, up 5.9 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 19 μ g/m3, down 13.6% year-on-year; The concentration of PM10 was 40 μ g/m3, down by 7.0% year on year. O3 concentration was 143 μ g/m3, down 8.3% year-on-year; SO2 concentration was 8 μ g/m3, down 11.1% year-on-year; NO2 concentration was 18 μ g/m3, down 10.0% year-on-year; The CO concentration was 0.8 mg/m3, down 11.1% year-on-year.

From January to June, the average number of excellent days in 337 cities at or above the prefecture level was 85.0%, up 4.9 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 36 μ g/m3, down 10.0% year-on-year; The concentration of PM10 was 59 μ g/m3, a year-on-year decrease of 14.5%. O3 concentration was 141 μ g/m3, down 1.4% year-on-year; SO2 concentration was 10 μ g/m3, down 16.7% year-on-year; NO2 concentration was 23 μ g/m3, down 14.8% year-on-year; The CO concentration was 1.3 mg/m3, down 13.3% year-on-year.

Figure 5 Proportion of days in 337 cities at prefecture level and above in China from January to June 2020.

Fig. 6 Concentration and year-on-year changes of six indicators in 337 cities at prefecture level and above in China from January to June 2020.

In June, the average number of excellent days in "2+26" cities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and its surrounding areas was 36.9%, up 16.2 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 35 μ g/m3, down 2.8% year-on-year. From January to June, the average number of excellent days was 59.7%, up 12.6 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 55 μ g/m3, a year-on-year decrease of 16.7%.

The proportion of excellent days in Beijing in June was 33.3%, down 3.4 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 32 μ g/m3, a year-on-year decrease of 17.9%. From January to June, the proportion of excellent days was 71.4%, up 9.0 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 43 μ g/m3, down 8.5% year-on-year.

The average number of excellent days in 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region in June was 84.2%, up 19.1 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 20 μ g/m3, a year-on-year decrease of 25.9%. From January to June, the average number of excellent days was 84.1%, up 10.5 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 37 μ g/m3, a year-on-year decrease of 21.3%.

The average number of excellent days in June in 11 cities in Fenwei Plain was 60.9%, up 9.7 percentage points year-on-year. The concentration of PM2.5 was 28 μ g/m3, which was flat year-on-year. From January to June, the average number of excellent days was 66.5%, up 12.1 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 53 μ g/m3, down 18.5% year-on-year.

In June, among the 168 key cities, Tangshan, Taiyuan and Jincheng were relatively poor in air quality (from the last one to the last 20); Zhuhai, Zhongshan, Shenzhen and other cities have relatively good air quality (from 1st to 20th, see attached table 7).

From January to June, among the 168 key cities, Shijiazhuang, Anyang and Taiyuan were relatively poor in air quality (from the last one to the last 20); The air quality in Haikou, Lhasa, Zhuhai and other cities is relatively good (from 1st to 20th, see attached table 8).

From January to June, among the 168 key cities, Baotou, Hohhot, Harbin and other cities improved their air quality relatively poorly (from the last one to the last 20); Yichang, Chizhou, Jingmen and other cities have improved their air quality relatively well (from the first place to the 19th place, see attached table 9).

Schedule 1 The top 30 cities and their water bodies in the national surface water assessment section in June 2020.

Schedule 2 The last 30 cities and their water bodies ranked by the national surface water assessment section in June 2020.

Note: The water quality of the water bodies marked with * in the table meets Class I or Class II of Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002)Ⅰ).

Schedule 3 Top 30 Cities and Water Bodies in the National Surface Water Assessment Section from January to June, 2020.

Attached Table 4 The last 30 cities and their water bodies in the national surface water assessment section from January to June, 2020.

Note: The water quality of the water bodies marked with * in the table meets Class I or Class II of Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002)Ⅰ).

Table 5 Changes of water environment quality of national surface water assessment section in January-June, 2020 ranked the top 30 cities and their water bodies.

Table 6 Changes of water environment quality of national surface water assessment section from January to June, 2020 ranked the last 30 cities and their water bodies.