The picture shows the teachers and students of Wanling School taking basketball elective courses. Information picture

　　Core reading

　　Some rural schools in Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County of Hainan Province once faced hollowing out: weak teachers and loss of students.

　　In recent years, Qiongzhong County has improved the conditions for running schools, introduced excellent teachers, and done a good job in controlling dropouts … … With the improvement of teaching quality, Qiongzhong County has attracted more than 3,000 primary and secondary school students to return.

　　The geographical boundary is partial, the teachers are weak, and there are few students — — At one time, Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County in Hainan Province faced the problem of hollowing out rural schools, and many students went to school outside the county. Qiongzhong County, which withdrew from the poverty-stricken counties in 2019, now has another scene.

　　Since 2015, more than 3,000 primary and middle school students have returned to Qiongzhong County from outside the county, accounting for 60% of the growth of students in the basic education stage of the county. At the same time, the comprehensive evaluation index of the senior high school entrance examination in Qiongzhong County jumped from the bottom of the province in 2009 to the top eight in the province in recent four years.

　　Introduce backbone teachers and reform assessment methods.

　　Wanling School in Qiongzhong County was once a school facing the merger, ranking last in the comprehensive evaluation of the senior high school entrance examination in the county. In 2016, Wanling School introduced a principal and 11 key teachers. The arrival of excellent teachers and the gradual improvement of hardware have quietly changed this school.

　　"When I first came, this village school was in the hearts of local people ‘ Can’t save lives ’ School. " Bao Rui became the principal of Wanling School through competition in 2016. He remembers that when he first came, there were only 81 students in the middle school, and often half of them were not in class.

　　Fu Yongdong, director of the Education Bureau of Qiongzhong County, clearly remembers that before he went to a rural school for investigation and looked at a class’s physics test paper, almost all the scores of more than 40 people in the class were 30 to 40 points. "Teachers are very important to the level of education. It is difficult to improve the level of local teachers in a short time, and children can’t afford it. " Fu Yongdong said.

　　Since 2015, Hainan Province has successively implemented the introduction project of "good principals and good teachers" and the introduction project of "one city (county), two schools and one park" for high-quality educational resources, and provincial-level financial special subsidies have been given to cities and counties to run basic education well.

　　Taking this opportunity, since 2015, Qiongzhong County has introduced 24 outstanding principals and 133 key teachers from more than 20 provinces across the country, and the number of key teachers in the county has doubled. At the same time, priority is given to financial expenditure to ensure basic education. Since 2015, the county has invested more than 600 million yuan to improve school conditions.

　　More crucially, there is the reform of teachers’ assessment methods. Qiongzhong County eliminated the principals from the bottom of nine comprehensive evaluations in the school year, which widened the performance pay gap of teachers, and broke the situation of "teaching well and teaching poorly, with little difference".

　　In August, 2020, Wang Leilei was admitted to the post of rural backbone teacher in Qiongzhong County, but she missed the employment inspection because of her father’s sudden illness. Two months later, when her father was discharged from the hospital, Wang Leilei told Qiongzhong County Education Bureau that she still wanted to teach. Although the position was not full, the relevant departments of the county refused the request of the Education Bureau to make up the record according to the recruitment procedure. Fu Yongdong was in a hurry and went directly to the county leaders. Finally, through the decision of the county government executive meeting, Wang Leilei was re-recorded.

　　"I can’t think of making up a teacher, and I can put it on the county government executive meeting." Wang Leilei lamented Qiongzhong’s courage in introducing talents.

　　Perfecting the competitive employment system and stimulating teaching motivation

　　According to the new assessment method of Qiongzhong County Education Bureau, Wanling School has established an assessment mechanism with workload and teaching quality as the main standards. In the first semester of implementation, the performance pay that teachers got was up to more than 7,000 yuan. Some teachers couldn’t accept the gap for a while and found Bao Rui to complain.

　　"Controversy is not a bad thing, forcing schools to further revise and improve rules and regulations." Fu Yongdong said. Qiongzhong county began to plan how to make local teachers and imported teachers better form a joint force in this reform.

　　Qiongzhong County has broken the school boundaries, established 129 discipline regional teaching and research groups, combined more than 2,200 teachers in the county in each discipline regional teaching and research group, and arranged the imported discipline backbone teachers and local excellent teachers as the discipline regional teaching and research team leaders, so that teachers can communicate and integrate in teaching and research practice regardless of local or foreign.

　　The introduction of teachers does not account for the number of local teachers’ professional titles, and local teachers do not have to worry that the growth space will be squeezed. In addition, Qiongzhong tilted the financial subsidy funds to remote rural teachers and distributed rural teacher subsidies, from which more than 500 local teachers in the county benefited.

　　In 2018, Qiongzhong County began to implement the equal competition mechanism between local teachers and imported teachers. Successful local teachers can get a one-time educational talent award. During the employment period, they will be assessed equally with the imported educational talents and enjoy the annual assessment subsidy.

　　Wang Bo, a local teacher, was hired as the headmaster of a village. He said, "Years of tempering and learning from the introduction of key teachers have made me confident to stand on the competition platform and compete with everyone." In the past two years, there have been 15 outstanding local teachers like Wang Bo.

　　Gradually, the system has been straightened out, and more teachers have devoted themselves to teaching. Local teachers are actively preparing lessons and competing with imported teachers to attend open classes. There are even teachers in Wanling School who have been invited to the province to take part in marking the senior high school entrance examination.

　　Clear the number of dropouts and care for left-behind children

　　In Wanling School, Bao Rui is not only the principal, but also the "surrogate parents" of the students. In 2016, Qiongzhong included more than 6,000 poor students and left-behind children in the county into the "four ones" care system. More than 2,000 teachers, as "acting parents" of students in charge, "meet once a day, talk once a week, visit once a month, and evaluate the help effect once a semester".

　　"There are especially many single-parent left-behind children in rural areas here. Some classes have more than forty children, and only a few are not single-parent left-behind children. Schools and teachers have to take good care of them." Bao Rui said. “‘ Four ones ’ The operation of the care system makes teachers want to manage, dare to manage, and manage, and find ways to ensure that every student can complete the nine-year compulsory education. " Deng Shizhi, president of Wushi School in Wanling Town, said. Controlling dropping out of school has always been one of the key tasks of education in Qiongzhong County. After years of efforts, the number of dropouts in Qiongzhong County has been cleared.

　　The change of educational atmosphere and the improvement of teaching quality have brought about the progress of students’ grades. In 2020, there were 432 undergraduate college entrance examinations in Qiongzhong County, 102 more than in 2019. What makes Fu Yongdong even more gratified is that in the senior high school entrance examination in 2020, 75 of the top 100 students in Qiongzhong County chose to stay in Qiongzhong County to attend high school.

　　Over the years, depending on the relevant policies of the state and the province, Wanling School has received nearly 30 million yuan in financial support, which has comprehensively improved the campus hardware facilities. At present, the school has more than 130 teachers. The teaching building is clean and bright, with computer room, library, laboratory, etc. The plastic track, basketball court and swimming pool are fully equipped, and the multimedia teaching equipment of Banbantong covers all classes. At present, there are 1105 students in school, including more than 400 students returning from surrounding cities and counties.

　　"Frankly speaking, we are still making up the historical debts and getting back the confidence of teachers and the trust of parents." Fu Yongdong said that in order to make every child learn at home, educators in the county are taking a step forward in a down-to-earth manner.

　　Wanling Street, which was once lonely, became lively again, accompanied by the sound of books and laughter from the school. "Running a school well can change a village. The change of Wanling school is the weak school in Hainan rural areas ‘ Counterattack ’ Typical, but it has not yet reached the best appearance of rural schools in my mind, and I will continue to work hard to realize this dream. " Bao Rui said.

Text/Cui Hengyu

Editor/question

Lucy in Shanghai went to the eyelash shop to graft eyelashes, and her flickering eyes became more agile. She felt that the cost of nearly 1,000 yuan was worth the money. Susan in Beijing spends half a quarter of an hour making up every day, and sticking false eyelashes is the most critical part; Madonna, the goddess of youth, once spent $10,000 to customize a pair of false eyelashes made of mink hair and set with diamonds …

To some extent, false eyelashes have become a sense of ritual for women who love beauty. What few people know is that behind this little sense of ceremony, there is a hidden name-Qingdao Pingdu.

This magical town in the north of China produces false eyelashes with an output value of several billion yuan. Different materials, styles, lengths, curls and colors are all creating superimposed value for the eyelash industry. At present, Pingdu supplies 70% false eyelashes in the national market and exports them to Europe, America, Southeast Asia and other markets.

If you leave Shanghai for Pingdu, you have to take the high-speed train for at least 7 hours to reach Qingdao first, and then drive along the expressway to the northwest for more than 100 kilometers.

The distance between this industrial town and the international city is not beautiful, but in the past year or two, the expressway of the Internet has reduced this distance to zero, and with the sinking of traffic, the development of this small town has already jumped out of the shackles of space and the world has become flat.

In Pingdu, Qingdao, there are about 50,000 female workers engaged in false eyelashes. Tweezers, scissors and glue are almost all their tools. They roll and shape the semi-finished false eyelashes with their hands, brush the glue and hold them, and repeat this action more than 1000 times a day.

Subsequently, these false eyelashes flow to nerve endings such as eyelash shops, shopping malls and online shopping carts through platforms such as 1688 and Taobao. In the process, the value of this "small manual work" was multiplied.

"In Pingdu, especially in Changle Town, almost every household is doing false eyelashes business." Cui Defei, the head of Dream Shirley Eyelash Factory, told E-commerce Online. Under the strong consumer demand, the productive forces of stars are clustered together on the soil of more than 3000 square kilometers in Pingdu.

Under the false eyelash industry, this northern county seems to be an arena, where different stakeholders cut on the same cake; But at the same time, they are also working together to make this cake bigger. Whether it is to capture more customers through 1688, to supply Taobao merchants, or to cooperate with foreign trade companies, false eyelashes are a living water in Pingdu.

Fiery eyelash economy

Chen Lin painted the exterior wall of his Hongbaili eyelash factory dark pink, which can be seen from a distance on Hongqi Road.

Three years ago, this factory was still a pig farm. Because the qualification of environmental protection was revoked, Chen Lin set it down and built his own false eyelash processing factory.

"Recruit false eyelashes workers, the number is not limited, and they are available all the year round." The "recruitment" notice posted in front of the factory for a long time shows the confidence of the local eyelash economy.

It took Chen Lin three or four years from recruiting to having stable customers, and now it can receive at least 120 million orders for false eyelashes every year.

Processing workshop, raw material warehouse, finished product warehouse, office, and simple regional division circulate the business of Hongbaili Eyelash Factory.

At the same time, the invisible "circulation" is also going on in 1688. "The factory opened a shop in 1688 and didn’t need to run its own customers." Since 2017, more than 50% of Chen Lin’s orders have come from online.

However, the main customers are still offline, and many foreign trade companies are still used to going to Pingdu for a walk and to the factory compound in Chen Lin to carefully compare the production line and order-making ability of the local false eyelashes factory.

"There are thousands of eyelash’ processing factories’ in Pingdu, but there are only a few hundred large-scale and organized factories, and more are still in the mode of family workshops." Chen Lin told me that Hongbaili is located in the middle and upper reaches, and its order size constitutes the confidence of "unlimited number of employees, with goods available all the year round".

Through foreign trade customers, the false eyelashes processed by Hongbaili have crossed the ocean and entered Europe, Southeast Asia and other countries. On Taobao, the brand of false eyelashes in China has begun to take shape, and the sales of some explosive items can exceed 30,000 to 40,000 in a single month. Take "Princess Moon" as an example, a "Princess Moon flagship store" was opened on Tmall before double 11, and the monthly sales volume of one eyelash has exceeded 20,000 boxes.

Princess Moon’s processing factory, Meijiaoyuan Eyelash Factory, is only 10 minutes’ drive from Hongbaili Eyelash Factory. In addition to processing for its own brands, Meijiaoyuan Eyelash Factory also processes false eyelashes for many brands such as Menglu and Oukena.

With the arrival of Tmall double 11, many local eyelash factories have already entered a "combat state".

"Since July this year, our semi-finished factory has begun to prepare the goods of Tmall double 11. According to our production capacity, we can make about 3 million pairs in one month, but there is still a gap after three months this year." Pu Aru, the head of the operation of Princess Moon, told E-commerce Online.

"This is something that has never happened in previous years." Pualu added.

At present, more than 120 workers in Meijiaoyuan Eyelash Factory are working overtime for Tmall double 11’s orders. "Orders that can be completed with a little overtime last year are more staffed and more efficient this year, and overtime has already started. There are still many brands that are not timely in delivery. Some brands are in a hurry to get goods, and they can cry on the phone. " Pualu said, "This is really no joke."

Take Meijiaoyuan Eyelash Factory as an example. This year, Tmall double 11 has brought it 30-40% order growth. Even if it ships 20,000 boxes of false eyelashes every day, it still can’t keep up with the market demand. This is also the reason why more and more Pingdu people join the battlefield of false eyelashes, but few people are out.

In addition to the excitement in double 11, the eyelash shops distributed all over the country are also the main customers of Pingdu Industrial Belt. According to the incomplete statistics of "E-commerce Online", there are over 30,000 eyelash-related stores in the north, Guangzhou and Guangzhou alone, and almost all of them are in Pingdu. Through the eyelash shops, the false eyelashes on the hands of female workers are implanted into the eyelids of women who love beauty one by one.

False eyelashes business in magic town

Strictly speaking, Pingdu is not the main raw material base for false eyelashes, and the rich local mineral resources have created a number of stone factories. The trend in the past two years is that more entrepreneurs choose the former under the contrast between the two industries.

In fact, since around 1930, false eyelashes have been popular in the United States, and even with a strong glue, "eyelash grafting" can be realized, and the consumer groups have gradually moved from movie stars to ordinary people. By the 1960s, the sales of false eyelashes had reached 20 million pairs.

Until 1976, this "craft" began to sprout in the depths of Daze Mountain in Pingdu. "I heard that at that time, our boss still twisted the fibers one by one on the fishing line by hand, and only later did he have a machine to do it." Pualu introduced.

But the first wave of Pingdu people got together and entered the false eyelashes industry at the end of the 20th century. Chen Lin told me that there is a popular trend in the local people’s "career". After making leather bags, planting trees, raising chickens and opening restaurants, false eyelashes can be regarded as an industry with more and more entrants and longer vitality in the past 20 years, and this business is being passed down to the next generation.

Most eyelash factories in Pingdu don’t have to start with raw materials themselves. They purchase raw materials and semi-finished products of false eyelashes from North Korea, which not only saves money but also saves labor. Large-scale factories directly open raw material processing factories in North Korea.

After getting the semi-finished products of false eyelashes, Pingdu female workers will do further cutting, gluing, supporting and packaging, and some eyelashes with unformed curl need one more step of curling and shaping.

Stable upstream supply of raw materials, customers and markets accumulated by the previous generation, and online markets such as 1688 and Taobao, now Pingdu’s false eyelashes business is not difficult to do.

In the conventional sense, false eyelashes pay attention to material and shape, which are generally divided into types such as opposite hair, close arrangement and multiple hairs, and are suitable for daily makeup and grafting according to their functions. Chen Lin has repeatedly mentioned that this is an industry with a low threshold, and it is also the reason why local families do it.

"False eyelashes have not changed much in the past few decades, such as the popular 3D and messy effects. In fact, such products were already available four or five years ago. We all regarded these as abandoned products at that time, but who knows that they will be popular in Europe and America a few years later." Chen Lin said.

On the one hand, eyelash entrepreneurship, on the other hand, eyelash employment has solved the livelihood of many local women. In several false eyelash factories I visited, all of them were female workers.

People’s Daily reported in 2016 that only in Dazeshan, Pingdu, the false eyelash processing base radiated to 26 surrounding villages, and more than 150 small and micro enterprises and self-employed households were developed, driving more than 500 family processing points. Today, the eyelash industry has driven the employment of 50,000 local people.

Under normal circumstances, female workers in eyelash factory can get a salary of 4000-5000 yuan per month. "Some people who are willing to endure hardships can endure more than ten hours a day and earn more than 10,000 yuan a month." Pualu said.

In Pingdu, women aged 20-40 mostly concentrate on supermarket salespeople, farming and so on, and their income is lower than that of false eyelashes processing. Wang Fang has been working on false eyelashes for 20 years, and her proximity to home, light work and good income have become the reasons for her persistence for more than 20 years.

At the same time, more and more post-80s and post-90s "second generation of eyelashes" have entered the industry, and they are using Internet tools to pry open areas that their parents dare not try.

Chen Lin was born after 1985. In his impression, many relatives were already doing eyelash business in high school, and the topics discussed at the dinner table were also related industries. "Every village is doing false eyelash business, but there are hundreds of decent factories."

After graduating from college, Chen Lin worked as a salesman in Qingdao for several years, but the idea of "going home to do eyelash business" kept appearing in his mind. My parents don’t support it. Since I have already gone to Qingdao, I don’t want to go back to work in the county. It is a good way to go out and run to a big city.

What they didn’t say was a deeper reason. The eyelash business of my parents still has the shadow of traditional business. "At that time, credit and goods were very serious in the industry. On holidays, we urged these credits just like urging the project."

Chen Lin chose another path, never accepting credit for online business, and the second generation of eyelashes had a healthier cash flow.

After entering the society in 1990s, Pualu did a lot of work, but eventually false eyelashes became his favorite and most energetic job.

Every day, boxes of false eyelashes are transported from the warehouse to all parts of the country, and Pualu enjoys this scene.

Uncover the secret

Once, false eyelashes were the secret of flatness. The earliest core technology was only mastered by a few people and only told to the closest people.

After "quietly" making the products, I went to the market with boxes of false eyelashes on my back. The stalls in Yiwu and Guangzhou were all touched by the last generation of Pingdu people. At that time, they had to use the most primitive way to win more customers for their business.

According to media reports, even a female worker in an eyelash factory can earn 6,000 yuan if she goes out with a pack of false eyelashes on her back.

As the eyelash industry was slowly enlarged, the secret began to be untenable; At the same time, when eyelashes gradually become a "panacea" for women’s makeup, the eyelash market also has more and more space.

Different from the previous generation, the second generation of eyelashes began to pursue better quality.

From the earliest opening of eyelash shop on Taobao to the self-built factory running through the upstream and downstream of the entire industrial chain, Cui Defei spent a full six years. This experience also made him explore the new life door of this business-quality.

"We started from the Taobao store at the beginning, which means that we have higher requirements for products." Cui Defei cited an example. In the past, in the wholesale of false eyelashes, the phenomenon of replacing B products with A products occurred from time to time. However, for emerging brands that open stores for consumers, every product sold must pass the inspection and feedback of consumers.

At present, 60% of transactions in Cui Defei’s Dream Shirley Eyelash Factory are online. The same is true of Meijiaoyuan Eyelash Factory, and online consumers are becoming a continuous source of hematopoiesis.

But objectively speaking, from the perspective of the whole beauty industry, the eyelash industry in China is not developed. The industrial chains of false eyelashes of international beauty brands such as L ‘Oreal, Shu Uemura, MAC and Make Up For Ever are more concentrated in Java, Indonesia. In Indonesia, women workers are engaged in similar jobs as women workers in Pingdu. They can only earn 8 pence (about 0.8 yuan RMB) for each pair of false eyelashes, but the brand can finally sell 5.95 pounds (about 50 yuan RMB) in the market.

In addition to the production cost and distribution cost, more value of false eyelashes is reflected in the brand premium. However, in the development of China false eyelashes market for more than 20 years, there are not many brands widely known by the public. Apart from Princess Moon and Dream Deer, there are few false eyelashes brands in China.

In the interview, Cui Defei recommended a kind of "flat-haired" false eyelashes to me, which is a kind of false eyelashes that Dream Shirley Factory has been focusing on since July this year. Different from its processing brand, this kind of false eyelashes is printed with the name of "MONSHEERY Dream Shirley" and has become a product that Dream Shirley will soon launch under its own brand.

The second generation of eyelashes in Pingdu, Qingdao, has gone from making and selling eyelashes to the Internet era of eyelash business, and then into the 3.0 era of making eyelash brands.

(Wang Fang is a pseudonym in the text)

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Original title: "Northern town changed by" eyelashes ":50,000 people brush their eyelashes thousands of times a day, and brush out billions a year"

The Ministry of Ecology and Environment informed the media today about the quality of surface water and ambient air in June and January-June, 2020.

I. Surface water

(1) General situation

In June, among the surface water assessment sections in 1940 countries, the proportion of sections with excellent water quality (Class I-III) was 71.4%, up 0.6 percentage points year-on-year; The proportion of inferior V sections was 2.5%, down 2.9 percentage points year-on-year. The main pollution indicators are chemical oxygen demand, permanganate index and total phosphorus.

Figure 1 Proportion of surface water quality categories in China in June 2020

From January to June, among the surface water assessment sections in 1940 countries, the proportion of sections with excellent water quality (Class I-III) was 80.1%, up 5.6 percentage points year-on-year; The proportion of inferior V sections was 1.1%, down 3.2 percentage points year-on-year. The main pollution indicators are chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus and permanganate index.

Figure 2 Proportion of surface water quality categories in China from January to June 2020

(2) Water quality of major rivers

In June, the proportion of I-III water quality sections in seven major river basins, such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Pearl River, the Songhua River, the Huaihe River, the Haihe River and the Liaohe River, and the rivers in the northwest, southwest and Zhejiang and Fujian provinces was 75.1%, up 1.4 percentage points year-on-year; The inferior V category was 1.9%, down 3.2 percentage points year-on-year. The main pollution indicators are chemical oxygen demand, permanganate index and total phosphorus. Among them, the water quality of northwest and southwest rivers is excellent, the water quality of Yangtze River basin, Zhejiang and Fujian rivers, Pearl River basin and Yellow River basin is good, and Songhua River, Liaohe River, Huaihe River and Haihe River basin are slightly polluted.

Fig. 3 Proportion of water quality categories in seven major river basins, southwest and northwest rivers and rivers in Zhejiang and Fujian in June 2020.

From January to June, the proportion of I-III water quality sections in seven major river basins, such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Pearl River, the Songhua River, the Huaihe River, the Haihe River and the Liaohe River, and rivers in the northwest, southwest and Zhejiang and Fujian provinces was 83.8%, up 5.9 percentage points year-on-year; The inferior V class was 0.7%, down 3.8 percentage points year-on-year. The main pollution indicators are chemical oxygen demand, permanganate index and five-day biochemical oxygen demand. Among them, the water quality of northwest rivers, Yangtze River basins, Zhejiang and Fujian rivers, southwest rivers and Pearl River basins is excellent, the water quality of Yellow River and Songhua River basins is good, and Huaihe River, Haihe River and Liaohe River basins are slightly polluted.

Fig. 4 Proportion of water quality categories in seven major river basins, southwest and northwest rivers and rivers in Zhejiang and Fujian from January to June, 2020.

(three) the water quality and nutritional status of important lakes (reservoirs)

In June, among the 112 key lakes (reservoirs) monitored, the number of lakes (reservoirs) with I-III water quality accounted for 71.4%, up 2.6 percentage points year-on-year; The proportion of lakes (reservoirs) with water quality worse than Grade V was 7.1%, down by 1.2 percentage points year-on-year. The main pollution indicators are total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand and permanganate index. Among the 97 key lakes (reservoirs) monitoring eutrophication, 6 lakes (reservoirs) are moderately eutrophic, accounting for 6.2%; 19 lakes (reservoirs) were slightly eutrophic, accounting for 19.6%; The other lakes (reservoirs) are not eutrophic. Among them, Taihu Lake is slightly polluted and slightly eutrophic, and the main pollution index is total phosphorus; Chaohu Lake has good water quality and mild eutrophication; Dianchi Lake is heavily polluted and moderately eutrophic, and the main pollution indexes are chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus and permanganate index. Erhai Lake has good water quality and moderate nutrition; The water quality of Danjiangkou reservoir is excellent and medium nutrition; Baiyangdian Lake is slightly polluted and slightly eutrophic. The main pollution indexes are chemical oxygen demand, permanganate index and total phosphorus. Compared with the same period of last year, the water quality of Chaohu Lake has improved, the water quality of Dianchi Lake has declined, and the water quality of Taihu Lake, Erhai Lake, Danjiangkou Reservoir and Baiyangdian Lake has not changed significantly. The nutritional status of Danjiangkou Reservoir has improved, but the nutritional status of Taihu Lake, Chaohu Lake, Dianchi Lake, Erhai Lake and Baiyangdian Lake has not changed significantly.

From January to June, among the 112 key lakes (reservoirs) monitored, the number of lakes (reservoirs) with I-III water quality accounted for 75.9%, up 9.8 percentage points year-on-year; The proportion of lakes (reservoirs) with water quality worse than Grade V was 5.4%, down by 1.9 percentage points year-on-year. The main pollution indicators are total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand and permanganate index. Among the 109 key lakes (reservoirs) monitoring eutrophication, 5 lakes (reservoirs) are moderately eutrophic, accounting for 4.6%; 19 lakes (reservoirs) were slightly eutrophic, accounting for 17.4%; The other lakes (reservoirs) are not eutrophic. Among them, Taihu Lake is slightly polluted and slightly eutrophic, and the main pollution index is total phosphorus; Chaohu Lake has good water quality and mild eutrophication; Dianchi Lake is moderately polluted and moderately eutrophic, and the main pollution indicators are chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus. The water quality of Erhai Lake and Danjiangkou Reservoir is excellent and medium nutrition; Baiyangdian Lake is slightly polluted and slightly eutrophic, and the main pollution index is chemical oxygen demand. Compared with the same period of last year, the water quality of Chaohu Lake and Erhai Lake has improved, the water quality of Dianchi Lake has declined, and the water quality of Taihu Lake, Danjiangkou Reservoir and Baiyangdian Lake has not changed significantly. The nutritional status of Dianchi Lake has declined, but there are no obvious changes in Taihu Lake, Chaohu Lake, Erhai Lake, Danjiangkou Reservoir and Baiyangdian Lake.

(four) the ranking of national surface water assessment sections in cities at or above the prefecture level

The cities at the prefecture level and above in the country participated in the ranking, covering 2050 national control sections (including 1940 national surface water assessment sections and 110 sea control sections). In June, among the cities at the prefecture level and above in China, the water environmental quality of national surface water assessment sections in 30 cities such as Laibin, Guilin and Zhangye was relatively good (from 1st to 30th), while the water environmental quality of national surface water assessment sections in 30 cities such as Cangzhou, Fuxin and Chifeng was relatively poor (from 1st to 30th). From January to June, among the cities at the prefecture level and above in China, the water environment quality of national surface water assessment sections in 30 cities such as Zhangye, Jinchang and Liuzhou was relatively good (from 1st to 30th), while the water environment quality of national surface water assessment sections in 30 cities such as Tongchuan, Cangzhou and Xingtai was relatively poor (from 1st to 30th). The changes of water environmental quality of national surface water assessment sections in 30 cities such as Yingkou, Lvliang and Liaoyuan are relatively good (from 1st to 30th), while the changes of water environmental quality of national surface water assessment sections in 30 cities such as Tongchuan, Daqing and Chifeng are relatively poor (from 1st to 30th). See Schedule 1 ~ Schedule 6 for details.

Second, the ambient air

In June, the average number of excellent days in 337 cities at or above the prefecture level was 85.1%, up 5.9 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 19 μ g/m3, down 13.6% year-on-year; The concentration of PM10 was 40 μ g/m3, down by 7.0% year on year. O3 concentration was 143 μ g/m3, down 8.3% year-on-year; SO2 concentration was 8 μ g/m3, down 11.1% year-on-year; NO2 concentration was 18 μ g/m3, down 10.0% year-on-year; The CO concentration was 0.8 mg/m3, down 11.1% year-on-year.

From January to June, the average number of excellent days in 337 cities at or above the prefecture level was 85.0%, up 4.9 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 36 μ g/m3, down 10.0% year-on-year; The concentration of PM10 was 59 μ g/m3, a year-on-year decrease of 14.5%. O3 concentration was 141 μ g/m3, down 1.4% year-on-year; SO2 concentration was 10 μ g/m3, down 16.7% year-on-year; NO2 concentration was 23 μ g/m3, down 14.8% year-on-year; The CO concentration was 1.3 mg/m3, down 13.3% year-on-year.

Figure 5 Proportion of days in 337 cities at prefecture level and above in China from January to June 2020.

Fig. 6 Concentration and year-on-year changes of six indicators in 337 cities at prefecture level and above in China from January to June 2020.

In June, the average number of excellent days in "2+26" cities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and its surrounding areas was 36.9%, up 16.2 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 35 μ g/m3, down 2.8% year-on-year. From January to June, the average number of excellent days was 59.7%, up 12.6 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 55 μ g/m3, a year-on-year decrease of 16.7%.

The proportion of excellent days in Beijing in June was 33.3%, down 3.4 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 32 μ g/m3, a year-on-year decrease of 17.9%. From January to June, the proportion of excellent days was 71.4%, up 9.0 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 43 μ g/m3, down 8.5% year-on-year.

The average number of excellent days in 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region in June was 84.2%, up 19.1 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 20 μ g/m3, a year-on-year decrease of 25.9%. From January to June, the average number of excellent days was 84.1%, up 10.5 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 37 μ g/m3, a year-on-year decrease of 21.3%.

The average number of excellent days in June in 11 cities in Fenwei Plain was 60.9%, up 9.7 percentage points year-on-year. The concentration of PM2.5 was 28 μ g/m3, which was flat year-on-year. From January to June, the average number of excellent days was 66.5%, up 12.1 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 53 μ g/m3, down 18.5% year-on-year.

In June, among the 168 key cities, Tangshan, Taiyuan and Jincheng were relatively poor in air quality (from the last one to the last 20); Zhuhai, Zhongshan, Shenzhen and other cities have relatively good air quality (from 1st to 20th, see attached table 7).

From January to June, among the 168 key cities, Shijiazhuang, Anyang and Taiyuan were relatively poor in air quality (from the last one to the last 20); The air quality in Haikou, Lhasa, Zhuhai and other cities is relatively good (from 1st to 20th, see attached table 8).

From January to June, among the 168 key cities, Baotou, Hohhot, Harbin and other cities improved their air quality relatively poorly (from the last one to the last 20); Yichang, Chizhou, Jingmen and other cities have improved their air quality relatively well (from the first place to the 19th place, see attached table 9).

Schedule 1 The top 30 cities and their water bodies in the national surface water assessment section in June 2020.

Schedule 2 The last 30 cities and their water bodies ranked by the national surface water assessment section in June 2020.

Note: The water quality of the water bodies marked with * in the table meets Class I or Class II of Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002)Ⅰ).

Schedule 3 Top 30 Cities and Water Bodies in the National Surface Water Assessment Section from January to June, 2020.

Attached Table 4 The last 30 cities and their water bodies in the national surface water assessment section from January to June, 2020.

Note: The water quality of the water bodies marked with * in the table meets Class I or Class II of Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002)Ⅰ).

Table 5 Changes of water environment quality of national surface water assessment section in January-June, 2020 ranked the top 30 cities and their water bodies.

Table 6 Changes of water environment quality of national surface water assessment section from January to June, 2020 ranked the last 30 cities and their water bodies.

Schedule 7 List of Top 20 and Last 20 Cities in Ambient Air of 168 Key Cities in June 2020

Schedule 8 List of Top 20 and Bottom 20 Cities of 168 Key Cities from January to June, 2020

Attached Table 9 List of Top 20 and Bottom 20 Cities in Air Improvement of 168 Key Cities from January to June, 2020